Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.

Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant–herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant me...

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Autores principales:	Dimitra Papantoniou, Fredd Vergara, Alexander Weinhold, Teresa Quijano, Bekzod Khakimov, David I. Pattison, Søren Bak, Nicole M. van Dam, Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>Manduca sexta</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> LC–qToF–MS metamorphosis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6329eb0ade3c47dca3ed429745a9c255
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6329eb0ade3c47dca3ed429745a9c2552021-11-25T18:20:31ZCascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.10.3390/metabo111107312218-1989https://doaj.org/article/6329eb0ade3c47dca3ed429745a9c2552021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/11/731https://doaj.org/toc/2218-1989Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant–herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and the growth-promoting fungus <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i>. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.Dimitra PapantoniouFredd VergaraAlexander WeinholdTeresa QuijanoBekzod KhakimovDavid I. PattisonSøren BakNicole M. van DamAinhoa Martínez-MedinaMDPI AGarticlearbuscular mycorrhizal fungi<i>Trichoderma</i><i>Manduca sexta</i><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>LC–qToF–MSmetamorphosisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENMetabolites, Vol 11, Iss 731, p 731 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>Manduca sexta</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> LC–qToF–MS metamorphosis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi <i>Trichoderma</i> <i>Manduca sexta</i> <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> LC–qToF–MS metamorphosis Microbiology QR1-502 Dimitra Papantoniou Fredd Vergara Alexander Weinhold Teresa Quijano Bekzod Khakimov David I. Pattison Søren Bak Nicole M. van Dam Ainhoa Martínez-Medina Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
description	Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant–herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <i>Rhizophagus irregularis</i> and the growth-promoting fungus <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i>. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.
format	article
author	Dimitra Papantoniou Fredd Vergara Alexander Weinhold Teresa Quijano Bekzod Khakimov David I. Pattison Søren Bak Nicole M. van Dam Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
author_facet	Dimitra Papantoniou Fredd Vergara Alexander Weinhold Teresa Quijano Bekzod Khakimov David I. Pattison Søren Bak Nicole M. van Dam Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
author_sort	Dimitra Papantoniou
title	Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
title_short	Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
title_full	Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
title_fullStr	Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
title_full_unstemmed	Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.
title_sort	cascading effects of root microbial symbiosis on the development and metabolome of the insect herbivore <i>manduca sexta</i> l.
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6329eb0ade3c47dca3ed429745a9c255
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Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore <i>Manduca sexta</i> L.

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