Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence

Abstract Traditionally, the cerebellum has been linked to motor coordination, but growing evidence points to its involvement in a wide range of non-motor functions. Though the number of studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate cerebellar involvement in cognitive processes...

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Autores principales:	Daniele Gatti, Luca Rinaldi, Ioana Cristea, Tomaso Vecchi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/63535cb8a27944beb6197b367cd1ce51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:63535cb8a27944beb6197b367cd1ce512021-12-02T17:03:50ZProbing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence10.1038/s41598-021-94051-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/63535cb8a27944beb6197b367cd1ce512021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94051-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Traditionally, the cerebellum has been linked to motor coordination, but growing evidence points to its involvement in a wide range of non-motor functions. Though the number of studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate cerebellar involvement in cognitive processes is growing exponentially, these findings have not yet been synthesized in a meta-analysis. Here, we used meta-analysis to estimate the effects of cerebellar TMS on performance in cognitive tasks for healthy participants. Outcomes included participants’ accuracy and response times (RTs) of several non-motor tasks performed either during or after the administration of TMS. We included overall 41 studies, of which 44 single experiments reported effects on accuracy and 41 on response times (RTs). The meta-analyses showed medium effect sizes (for accuracy: d = 0.61 [95% CI = 0.48, .073]; for RTs: d = 0.40 [95% CI = 0.30, 0.49]), with leave-one-out analyses indicating that cumulative effects were robust, and with moderate heterogeneity. For both accuracy and RTs, the effect of TMS was moderated by the stimulation paradigm adopted but not by the cognitive function investigated, while the timing of the stimulation moderated only the effects on RTs. Further analyses on lateralization revealed no moderation effects of the TMS site. Taken together, these findings indicate that TMS administered over the cerebellum is able to modulate cognitive performance, affecting accuracy or RTs, and suggest that the various stimulation paradigms play a key role in determining the efficacy of cerebellar TMS.Daniele GattiLuca RinaldiIoana CristeaTomaso VecchiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Daniele Gatti Luca Rinaldi Ioana Cristea Tomaso Vecchi Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
description	Abstract Traditionally, the cerebellum has been linked to motor coordination, but growing evidence points to its involvement in a wide range of non-motor functions. Though the number of studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate cerebellar involvement in cognitive processes is growing exponentially, these findings have not yet been synthesized in a meta-analysis. Here, we used meta-analysis to estimate the effects of cerebellar TMS on performance in cognitive tasks for healthy participants. Outcomes included participants’ accuracy and response times (RTs) of several non-motor tasks performed either during or after the administration of TMS. We included overall 41 studies, of which 44 single experiments reported effects on accuracy and 41 on response times (RTs). The meta-analyses showed medium effect sizes (for accuracy: d = 0.61 [95% CI = 0.48, .073]; for RTs: d = 0.40 [95% CI = 0.30, 0.49]), with leave-one-out analyses indicating that cumulative effects were robust, and with moderate heterogeneity. For both accuracy and RTs, the effect of TMS was moderated by the stimulation paradigm adopted but not by the cognitive function investigated, while the timing of the stimulation moderated only the effects on RTs. Further analyses on lateralization revealed no moderation effects of the TMS site. Taken together, these findings indicate that TMS administered over the cerebellum is able to modulate cognitive performance, affecting accuracy or RTs, and suggest that the various stimulation paradigms play a key role in determining the efficacy of cerebellar TMS.
format	article
author	Daniele Gatti Luca Rinaldi Ioana Cristea Tomaso Vecchi
author_facet	Daniele Gatti Luca Rinaldi Ioana Cristea Tomaso Vecchi
author_sort	Daniele Gatti
title	Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
title_short	Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
title_full	Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
title_fullStr	Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
title_full_unstemmed	Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence
title_sort	probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of tms evidence
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/63535cb8a27944beb6197b367cd1ce51
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielegatti probingcerebellarinvolvementincognitionthroughametaanalysisoftmsevidence AT lucarinaldi probingcerebellarinvolvementincognitionthroughametaanalysisoftmsevidence AT ioanacristea probingcerebellarinvolvementincognitionthroughametaanalysisoftmsevidence AT tomasovecchi probingcerebellarinvolvementincognitionthroughametaanalysisoftmsevidence
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Probing cerebellar involvement in cognition through a meta-analysis of TMS evidence

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