Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <...

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Autores principales:	Xorla Kanfra, Taye Obawolu, Andreas Wrede, Bernhard Strolka, Traud Winkelmann, Bernd Hardeweg, Holger Heuer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Tagetes</i> marigold apple replant disease nematodes pest control soil biome management Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/63661ef9634e4eddbf24b0d762d56e9b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:63661ef9634e4eddbf24b0d762d56e9b2021-11-25T17:47:05ZAlleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>10.3390/horticulturae71104332311-7524https://doaj.org/article/63661ef9634e4eddbf24b0d762d56e9b2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/11/433https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7524Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <i>Tagetes patula</i> or <i>Tagetes tenuifolia</i> were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of <i>Tagetes</i> species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either <i>Tagetes</i> or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on <i>Tagetes</i>-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes</i> alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil.Xorla KanfraTaye ObawoluAndreas WredeBernhard StrolkaTraud WinkelmannBernd HardewegHolger HeuerMDPI AGarticle<i>Tagetes</i>marigoldapple replant diseasenematodespest controlsoil biome managementPlant cultureSB1-1110ENHorticulturae, Vol 7, Iss 433, p 433 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Tagetes</i> marigold apple replant disease nematodes pest control soil biome management Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	<i>Tagetes</i> marigold apple replant disease nematodes pest control soil biome management Plant culture SB1-1110 Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
description	Apple replant disease (ARD) is a severe problem in orchards and tree nurseries caused by yet unknown soil biota that accumulate over replanting cycles. This study tested the contribution of nematodes to ARD, and cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i> as a control option. In a pot experiment, <i>Tagetes patula</i> or <i>Tagetes tenuifolia</i> were grown in ARD soil, incorporated or removed. Nematodes extracted from untreated ARD soil and washed on 20-µm sieves induced ARD symptoms when inoculated to apple plantlets growing in a sterile substrate. In contrast, nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> treated ARD soil did not reduce root growth compared to uninoculated plants, irrespective of <i>Tagetes</i> species and incorporation. In plots of five apple tree nurseries or orchards, either <i>Tagetes</i> or grass was grown on ARD soil. Nematodes extracted from the grass plots and inoculated to apple plantlets significantly reduced plant growth compared to nematodes from <i>Tagetes</i> plots for all five farms. Apple rootstocks showed overall a significantly higher increase in shoot base diameter when grown on <i>Tagetes</i>-treated plots compared to grass plots, while this effect differed among farms. Plant-parasitic nematodes were too low in abundance to explain plant damage. In conclusion, <i>Tagetes</i> alleviated ARD by changing the nematode community in soil.
format	article
author	Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer
author_facet	Xorla Kanfra Taye Obawolu Andreas Wrede Bernhard Strolka Traud Winkelmann Bernd Hardeweg Holger Heuer
author_sort	Xorla Kanfra
title	Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
title_short	Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
title_full	Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
title_fullStr	Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>
title_sort	alleviation of nematode-mediated apple replant disease by pre-cultivation of <i>tagetes</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/63661ef9634e4eddbf24b0d762d56e9b
work_keys_str_mv	AT xorlakanfra alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT tayeobawolu alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT andreaswrede alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT bernhardstrolka alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT traudwinkelmann alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT berndhardeweg alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi AT holgerheuer alleviationofnematodemediatedapplereplantdiseasebyprecultivationofitagetesi
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Alleviation of Nematode-Mediated Apple Replant Disease by Pre-Cultivation of <i>Tagetes</i>

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