The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been widely applied in the food and agricultural industries. It is still unknown whether natural bioactive compounds in seeds are affected by NTP treatment. Our goal was to examine whether the bioactive compounds in djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz...

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Autores principales:	Bing-Jyh Lu, Tzu-Che Lin, How-Ran Chao, Cheng-Hsian Tsai, Jian-He Lu, Ming-Hsien Tsai, Ching-Tzu Chang, Hao Hsieh, I-Cheng Lu, Rachelle D. Arcega, Wei-Hsiang Chang, Hsiu-Ling Chen, Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor, Ying-Chieh Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	non-thermal plasma (NTP) djulis seed reactive oxygen and nitrogen species bioactive compounds antioxidant Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/63a66ed907af421f9738111574c8095c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:63a66ed907af421f9738111574c8095c2021-11-25T16:43:52ZThe Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health10.3390/atmos121113752073-4433https://doaj.org/article/63a66ed907af421f9738111574c8095c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/11/1375https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been widely applied in the food and agricultural industries. It is still unknown whether natural bioactive compounds in seeds are affected by NTP treatment. Our goal was to examine whether the bioactive compounds in djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) seed are changed after NTP treatment. The betacyanin, anthocyanin, total phenolic content (TPCs), total flavonoids (TFs), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effects (DPPH), gallic acid, and rutin were compared in NTP-treated seed and an untreated control. Levels of betacyanin, anthocyanin, and TPCs in the seed were found to be significantly increased after the nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>)-NTP treatment compared with the control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Inversely, the air-NTP treatment significantly weakened the performance of these bioactive compounds in the seed as compared to the control. Levels of TFs in both the air- and N<sub>2</sub>-NTP treated seed were significantly lower than those in the control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). After the NTP treatment, DPPH was still at high levels, similar to those in the control. The djulis seed extract had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on THP-1 (human-monocyte-cell line) cells. N<sub>2</sub>-NTP generated nitrogen reactive species that activated the bioactive compounds in the seed. In contrast, air-NTP produced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species inhibited the expression of these bioactive compounds.Bing-Jyh LuTzu-Che LinHow-Ran ChaoCheng-Hsian TsaiJian-He LuMing-Hsien TsaiChing-Tzu ChangHao HsiehI-Cheng LuRachelle D. ArcegaWei-Hsiang ChangHsiu-Ling ChenWan Nurdiyana Wan MansorYing-Chieh LeeMDPI AGarticlenon-thermal plasma (NTP)djulisseedreactive oxygen and nitrogen speciesbioactive compoundsantioxidantMeteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENAtmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 1375, p 1375 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	non-thermal plasma (NTP) djulis seed reactive oxygen and nitrogen species bioactive compounds antioxidant Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	non-thermal plasma (NTP) djulis seed reactive oxygen and nitrogen species bioactive compounds antioxidant Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Bing-Jyh Lu Tzu-Che Lin How-Ran Chao Cheng-Hsian Tsai Jian-He Lu Ming-Hsien Tsai Ching-Tzu Chang Hao Hsieh I-Cheng Lu Rachelle D. Arcega Wei-Hsiang Chang Hsiu-Ling Chen Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Ying-Chieh Lee The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
description	Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been widely applied in the food and agricultural industries. It is still unknown whether natural bioactive compounds in seeds are affected by NTP treatment. Our goal was to examine whether the bioactive compounds in djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) seed are changed after NTP treatment. The betacyanin, anthocyanin, total phenolic content (TPCs), total flavonoids (TFs), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging effects (DPPH), gallic acid, and rutin were compared in NTP-treated seed and an untreated control. Levels of betacyanin, anthocyanin, and TPCs in the seed were found to be significantly increased after the nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>)-NTP treatment compared with the control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Inversely, the air-NTP treatment significantly weakened the performance of these bioactive compounds in the seed as compared to the control. Levels of TFs in both the air- and N<sub>2</sub>-NTP treated seed were significantly lower than those in the control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). After the NTP treatment, DPPH was still at high levels, similar to those in the control. The djulis seed extract had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on THP-1 (human-monocyte-cell line) cells. N<sub>2</sub>-NTP generated nitrogen reactive species that activated the bioactive compounds in the seed. In contrast, air-NTP produced oxygen and nitrogen reactive species inhibited the expression of these bioactive compounds.
format	article
author	Bing-Jyh Lu Tzu-Che Lin How-Ran Chao Cheng-Hsian Tsai Jian-He Lu Ming-Hsien Tsai Ching-Tzu Chang Hao Hsieh I-Cheng Lu Rachelle D. Arcega Wei-Hsiang Chang Hsiu-Ling Chen Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Ying-Chieh Lee
author_facet	Bing-Jyh Lu Tzu-Che Lin How-Ran Chao Cheng-Hsian Tsai Jian-He Lu Ming-Hsien Tsai Ching-Tzu Chang Hao Hsieh I-Cheng Lu Rachelle D. Arcega Wei-Hsiang Chang Hsiu-Ling Chen Wan Nurdiyana Wan Mansor Ying-Chieh Lee
author_sort	Bing-Jyh Lu
title	The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
title_short	The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
title_full	The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
title_fullStr	The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health
title_sort	impact of air or nitrogen non-thermal plasma on variations of natural bioactive compounds in djulis (<i>chenopodium formosanum</i> koidz.) seed and the potential effects for human health
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/63a66ed907af421f9738111574c8095c
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The Impact of Air or Nitrogen Non-Thermal Plasma on Variations of Natural Bioactive Compounds in Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i> Koidz.) Seed and the Potential Effects for Human Health

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