Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.

The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods w...

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Autores principales:	Paul A S Breslin, Akiko Izumi, Anilet Tharp, Tadahiro Ohkuri, Yoshiaki Yokoo, Linda J Flammer, Nancy E Rawson, Robert F Margolskee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/63bb85e0136e4ad3a4549c53e793c81c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:63bb85e0136e4ad3a4549c53e793c81c2021-12-02T20:17:17ZEvidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0256989https://doaj.org/article/63bb85e0136e4ad3a4549c53e793c81c2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256989https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods when combined with fructose. In light of recent rodent data on the role of oral metabolic glucose signaling, we examined psychopharmacologically whether oral glucose detection may also involve an additional pathway in humans to the traditional sweet taste transduction via the class 1 taste receptors T1R2/T1R3. In a series of experiments, we first compared oral glucose detection thresholds to sucralose thresholds without and with addition of the T1R receptor inhibitor Na-lactisole. Next, we compared oral detection thresholds of glucose to sucralose and to the non-metabolizable glucose analog, α-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) without and with the addition of the glucose co-transport component sodium (NaCl). Finally, we compared oral detection thresholds for glucose, MDG, fructose, and sucralose without and with the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. In each experiment, psychopharmacological data were consistent with glucose engaging an additional signaling pathway to the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 pathway. Na-lactisole addition impaired detection of the non-caloric sweetener sucralose much more than it did glucose, consistent with glucose using an additional signaling pathway. The addition of NaCl had a beneficial impact on the detection of glucose and its analog MDG and impaired sucralose detection, consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. The addition of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin impaired detection of glucose and MDG more than it did sucralose, and had no effect on fructose, further evidence consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. Together, these results support the idea that oral detection of glucose engages two signaling pathways: one that is comprised of the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the other that utilizes an SGLT glucose transporter.Paul A S BreslinAkiko IzumiAnilet TharpTadahiro OhkuriYoshiaki YokooLinda J FlammerNancy E RawsonRobert F MargolskeePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0256989 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Paul A S Breslin Akiko Izumi Anilet Tharp Tadahiro Ohkuri Yoshiaki Yokoo Linda J Flammer Nancy E Rawson Robert F Margolskee Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
description	The taste stimulus glucose comprises approximately half of the commercial sugar sweeteners used today, whether in the form of the di-saccharide sucrose (glucose-fructose) or half of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Therefore, oral glucose has been presumed to contribute to the sweet taste of foods when combined with fructose. In light of recent rodent data on the role of oral metabolic glucose signaling, we examined psychopharmacologically whether oral glucose detection may also involve an additional pathway in humans to the traditional sweet taste transduction via the class 1 taste receptors T1R2/T1R3. In a series of experiments, we first compared oral glucose detection thresholds to sucralose thresholds without and with addition of the T1R receptor inhibitor Na-lactisole. Next, we compared oral detection thresholds of glucose to sucralose and to the non-metabolizable glucose analog, α-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG) without and with the addition of the glucose co-transport component sodium (NaCl). Finally, we compared oral detection thresholds for glucose, MDG, fructose, and sucralose without and with the sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. In each experiment, psychopharmacological data were consistent with glucose engaging an additional signaling pathway to the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 pathway. Na-lactisole addition impaired detection of the non-caloric sweetener sucralose much more than it did glucose, consistent with glucose using an additional signaling pathway. The addition of NaCl had a beneficial impact on the detection of glucose and its analog MDG and impaired sucralose detection, consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. The addition of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin impaired detection of glucose and MDG more than it did sucralose, and had no effect on fructose, further evidence consistent with glucose utilizing a sodium-glucose co-transporter. Together, these results support the idea that oral detection of glucose engages two signaling pathways: one that is comprised of the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the other that utilizes an SGLT glucose transporter.
format	article
author	Paul A S Breslin Akiko Izumi Anilet Tharp Tadahiro Ohkuri Yoshiaki Yokoo Linda J Flammer Nancy E Rawson Robert F Margolskee
author_facet	Paul A S Breslin Akiko Izumi Anilet Tharp Tadahiro Ohkuri Yoshiaki Yokoo Linda J Flammer Nancy E Rawson Robert F Margolskee
author_sort	Paul A S Breslin
title	Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
title_short	Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
title_full	Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
title_fullStr	Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
title_full_unstemmed	Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
title_sort	evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/63bb85e0136e4ad3a4549c53e793c81c
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Evidence that human oral glucose detection involves a sweet taste pathway and a glucose transporter pathway.

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