The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition

Since the late 1940s Western countries have regularly used sanctions, embargoes and other similar instruments to counter the development of the Soviet and, after 1991, the Russian energy industry. The author tries to answer two research questions: what provokes such a policy of the West: political r...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal:	Y. V. Borovsky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN RU
Publicado:	MGIMO University Press 2019
Materias:	energy policy oil gas sanctions ussr russia usa eu germany nord stream ukraine International relations JZ2-6530
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64141c8eb6cb47f0a9dc25d984a4f786
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:64141c8eb6cb47f0a9dc25d984a4f786
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64141c8eb6cb47f0a9dc25d984a4f7862021-11-23T14:50:41ZThe Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition2071-81602541-909910.24833/2071-8160-2019-3-66-42-60https://doaj.org/article/64141c8eb6cb47f0a9dc25d984a4f7862019-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.vestnik.mgimo.ru/jour/article/view/962https://doaj.org/toc/2071-8160https://doaj.org/toc/2541-9099Since the late 1940s Western countries have regularly used sanctions, embargoes and other similar instruments to counter the development of the Soviet and, after 1991, the Russian energy industry. The author tries to answer two research questions: what provokes such a policy of the West: political rivalry or economic competition? Has the West changed its attitude to the Russian energy industry after the end of the Cold war? The first part of the study covers the years of the Cold war; the second part is devoted to the period following the collapse of the USSR. The article deals with generic approaches of Western countries to the Soviet and Russian energy industry, as well as their stances on major oil and gas pipelines, including the «Druzhba» (or the «Friendship») oil pipeline, the Soyuz gas pipeline, The «Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhhorod» (or the West-Siberian) gas pipeline, the Nord Stream 1,2 gas pipelines. The author came to the following conclusions. The main inspirer of sanctions and other restrictive measures of the West against the Soviet and Russian energy industry has always been the United States of America. The core motive of such behavior has been political rivalry, although in certain periods (for example, in the 1950s-1960s, 2010-ies) the United States may also be driven by economic competition or the desire to ensure the interests of its energy companies. Western European countries have often been in solidarity with the American actions against the Soviet or Russian energy complex. However, when their strategic interests are affected (for example, in case of construction of the Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhgorod and Nord stream 2 gas pipelines), they can resist the dictates of Washington. This is due both to pressure from Western European business interested in cooperation with the USSR or Russia in the energy field, and a strong desire of Western European countries to diversify oil and gas supplies from the Middle East and to solve some other energy problems, for instance, to mitigate transit risks associated with Ukraine. Overall, the end of the Cold war has not radically changed the policy of the West towards the Russian energy industry.Y. V. BorovskyMGIMO University Pressarticleenergy policyoilgassanctionsussrrussiausaeugermanynord streamukraineInternational relationsJZ2-6530ENRUVestnik MGIMO-Universiteta, Vol 0, Iss 3(66), Pp 42-60 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN RU
topic	energy policy oil gas sanctions ussr russia usa eu germany nord stream ukraine International relations JZ2-6530
spellingShingle	energy policy oil gas sanctions ussr russia usa eu germany nord stream ukraine International relations JZ2-6530 Y. V. Borovsky The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
description	Since the late 1940s Western countries have regularly used sanctions, embargoes and other similar instruments to counter the development of the Soviet and, after 1991, the Russian energy industry. The author tries to answer two research questions: what provokes such a policy of the West: political rivalry or economic competition? Has the West changed its attitude to the Russian energy industry after the end of the Cold war? The first part of the study covers the years of the Cold war; the second part is devoted to the period following the collapse of the USSR. The article deals with generic approaches of Western countries to the Soviet and Russian energy industry, as well as their stances on major oil and gas pipelines, including the «Druzhba» (or the «Friendship») oil pipeline, the Soyuz gas pipeline, The «Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhhorod» (or the West-Siberian) gas pipeline, the Nord Stream 1,2 gas pipelines. The author came to the following conclusions. The main inspirer of sanctions and other restrictive measures of the West against the Soviet and Russian energy industry has always been the United States of America. The core motive of such behavior has been political rivalry, although in certain periods (for example, in the 1950s-1960s, 2010-ies) the United States may also be driven by economic competition or the desire to ensure the interests of its energy companies. Western European countries have often been in solidarity with the American actions against the Soviet or Russian energy complex. However, when their strategic interests are affected (for example, in case of construction of the Urengoy – Pomary – Uzhgorod and Nord stream 2 gas pipelines), they can resist the dictates of Washington. This is due both to pressure from Western European business interested in cooperation with the USSR or Russia in the energy field, and a strong desire of Western European countries to diversify oil and gas supplies from the Middle East and to solve some other energy problems, for instance, to mitigate transit risks associated with Ukraine. Overall, the end of the Cold war has not radically changed the policy of the West towards the Russian energy industry.
format	article
author	Y. V. Borovsky
author_facet	Y. V. Borovsky
author_sort	Y. V. Borovsky
title	The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
title_short	The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
title_full	The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
title_fullStr	The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
title_full_unstemmed	The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition
title_sort	soviet and russian energy industry as objects of western sanctions: political rivalry or economic competition
publisher	MGIMO University Press
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/64141c8eb6cb47f0a9dc25d984a4f786
work_keys_str_mv	AT yvborovsky thesovietandrussianenergyindustryasobjectsofwesternsanctionspoliticalrivalryoreconomiccompetition AT yvborovsky sovietandrussianenergyindustryasobjectsofwesternsanctionspoliticalrivalryoreconomiccompetition
_version_	1718416650520231936

The Soviet and Russian Energy Industry as Objects of Western Sanctions: Political Rivalry or Economic Competition

Ejemplares similares