Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs

Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common neoplasm of the canine oral cavity. It is characterized by its aggressive local disease as well as its high rate of lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. OMM carries a poor prognosis, with most patients succumbing to the disease due to progressio...

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Autores principales:	Won Suk Kim, Arathi Vinayak, Barbara Powers
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oral tumor melanoma melanocytic neoplasm mitotic index Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/643e589d218145669438455478af74e6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:643e589d218145669438455478af74e62021-11-25T19:11:57ZComparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs10.3390/vetsci81102612306-7381https://doaj.org/article/643e589d218145669438455478af74e62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/11/261https://doaj.org/toc/2306-7381Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common neoplasm of the canine oral cavity. It is characterized by its aggressive local disease as well as its high rate of lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. OMM carries a poor prognosis, with most patients succumbing to the disease due to progression of the neoplasm. Histopathologically, OMM is characterized by significant nuclear atypia, a mitotic index of greater than 4/10 hpf, and evidence of vascular invasion or metastasis. Clinically, these lesions can become locally invasive, causing lysis of bones and severe inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. With time, these lesions can spread to the regional lymph node and to the lungs and other organs. Prognosis can vary depending on the size of the primary tumor, regional node involvement, and distant metastatic disease; however, multiple studies report a relatively short median survival time ranging from less than 4 months to 8 months. Histologically well- differentiated melanocytic neoplasms (HWDMN) are a variant of OMM and sometimes referred to as canine oral melanocytic neoplasms of low malignant potential. Unlike OMM, patients with HWDMN have longer survival times. Histopathologically, HWDMNs have well-differentiated melanocytes with a low mitotic index of 3 or less per 10 hpf and minimal nuclear atypia. HWDMNs have better prognosis with a mean survival time of up to 34 months. This article is a comparative review of OMM and its less aggressive counterpart.Won Suk KimArathi VinayakBarbara PowersMDPI AGarticleoral tumormelanomamelanocytic neoplasmmitotic indexVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 261, p 261 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oral tumor melanoma melanocytic neoplasm mitotic index Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	oral tumor melanoma melanocytic neoplasm mitotic index Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Won Suk Kim Arathi Vinayak Barbara Powers Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
description	Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common neoplasm of the canine oral cavity. It is characterized by its aggressive local disease as well as its high rate of lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. OMM carries a poor prognosis, with most patients succumbing to the disease due to progression of the neoplasm. Histopathologically, OMM is characterized by significant nuclear atypia, a mitotic index of greater than 4/10 hpf, and evidence of vascular invasion or metastasis. Clinically, these lesions can become locally invasive, causing lysis of bones and severe inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. With time, these lesions can spread to the regional lymph node and to the lungs and other organs. Prognosis can vary depending on the size of the primary tumor, regional node involvement, and distant metastatic disease; however, multiple studies report a relatively short median survival time ranging from less than 4 months to 8 months. Histologically well- differentiated melanocytic neoplasms (HWDMN) are a variant of OMM and sometimes referred to as canine oral melanocytic neoplasms of low malignant potential. Unlike OMM, patients with HWDMN have longer survival times. Histopathologically, HWDMNs have well-differentiated melanocytes with a low mitotic index of 3 or less per 10 hpf and minimal nuclear atypia. HWDMNs have better prognosis with a mean survival time of up to 34 months. This article is a comparative review of OMM and its less aggressive counterpart.
format	article
author	Won Suk Kim Arathi Vinayak Barbara Powers
author_facet	Won Suk Kim Arathi Vinayak Barbara Powers
author_sort	Won Suk Kim
title	Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
title_short	Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
title_full	Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
title_fullStr	Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
title_sort	comparative review of malignant melanoma and histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasm in the oral cavity of dogs
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/643e589d218145669438455478af74e6
work_keys_str_mv	AT wonsukkim comparativereviewofmalignantmelanomaandhistologicallywelldifferentiatedmelanocyticneoplasmintheoralcavityofdogs AT arathivinayak comparativereviewofmalignantmelanomaandhistologicallywelldifferentiatedmelanocyticneoplasmintheoralcavityofdogs AT barbarapowers comparativereviewofmalignantmelanomaandhistologicallywelldifferentiatedmelanocyticneoplasmintheoralcavityofdogs
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Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs

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