Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a health problem in Latin America. Etiological treatment has limited effectiveness in chronic CD; thus, new therapeutic strategies are required. The practice of physical exercises has been widely advo...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:64463a27e7704e30b822434f346db02a2021-11-04T05:06:28ZPhysical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.712034https://doaj.org/article/64463a27e7704e30b822434f346db02a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.712034/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a health problem in Latin America. Etiological treatment has limited effectiveness in chronic CD; thus, new therapeutic strategies are required. The practice of physical exercises has been widely advocated to improve the quality of life of CD patients. The most frequent clinical CD manifestation is the chronic indeterminate form (CIF), and the effect of physical exercises on disease progression remains unknown. Here, in a CIF model, we aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercises on cardiac histological, parasitological, mitochondrial, and oxidative metabolism, electro and echocardiographic profiles, and immunological features. To establish a CIF model, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with 100 and 500 trypomastigotes of the Y T. cruzi strain. At 120 days postinfection (dpi), all mouse groups showed normal PR and corrected QT intervals and QRS complexes. Compared to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice showed a lower parasitemia peak, mortality rate, and less intense myocarditis. Thus, C57BL/6 mice infected with 500 parasites were used for subsequent analyses. At 120 dpi, a decrease in cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. When we increased the number of analyzed mice, a reduced heart rate and slightly prolonged corrected QT intervals were detected, at 120 and 150 dpi, which were then normalized at 180 dpi, thus characterizing the CIF. Y-infected mice were subjected to an exercise program on a treadmill for 4 weeks (from 150 to 180 dpi), five times per week in a 30–60-min daily training session. At 180 dpi, no alterations were detected in cardiac mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism, which were not affected by physical exercises, although ROS production increased. At 120 and 180 dpi, comparing infected and non-infected mice, no differences were observed in the levels of plasma cytokines, indicating that a crucial biomarker of the systemic inflammatory profile was absent and not affected by exercise. Compared with sedentary mice, trained Y-infected mice showed similar parasite loads and inflammatory cells but reduced cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, our data show that physical exercises promote beneficial changes that may prevent CD progression.Yasmin Pedra-RezendeYasmin Pedra-RezendeJuliana M. C. BarbosaAna Cristina S. BombaçaLuiza Dantas-PereiraLuiza Dantas-PereiraDaniel GibaldiGlaucia Vilar-PereiraGlaucia Vilar-PereiraHílton Antônio Mata dos SantosHílton Antônio Mata dos SantosIsalira Peroba RamosNatália Lins Silva-GomesOtacilio C. MoreiraJoseli Lannes-VieiraRubem F. S. Menna-BarretoFrontiers Media S.A.articleChagas diseaseexperimental modelchronic indeterminate formphysical exercisecytokinesmitochondrial metabolismImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021) |
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| topic |
Chagas disease experimental model chronic indeterminate form physical exercise cytokines mitochondrial metabolism Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
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Chagas disease experimental model chronic indeterminate form physical exercise cytokines mitochondrial metabolism Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Juliana M. C. Barbosa Ana Cristina S. Bombaça Luiza Dantas-Pereira Luiza Dantas-Pereira Daniel Gibaldi Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Isalira Peroba Ramos Natália Lins Silva-Gomes Otacilio C. Moreira Joseli Lannes-Vieira Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| description |
Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease and a health problem in Latin America. Etiological treatment has limited effectiveness in chronic CD; thus, new therapeutic strategies are required. The practice of physical exercises has been widely advocated to improve the quality of life of CD patients. The most frequent clinical CD manifestation is the chronic indeterminate form (CIF), and the effect of physical exercises on disease progression remains unknown. Here, in a CIF model, we aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercises on cardiac histological, parasitological, mitochondrial, and oxidative metabolism, electro and echocardiographic profiles, and immunological features. To establish a CIF model, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were infected with 100 and 500 trypomastigotes of the Y T. cruzi strain. At 120 days postinfection (dpi), all mouse groups showed normal PR and corrected QT intervals and QRS complexes. Compared to BALB/c mice, C57BL/6 mice showed a lower parasitemia peak, mortality rate, and less intense myocarditis. Thus, C57BL/6 mice infected with 500 parasites were used for subsequent analyses. At 120 dpi, a decrease in cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected. When we increased the number of analyzed mice, a reduced heart rate and slightly prolonged corrected QT intervals were detected, at 120 and 150 dpi, which were then normalized at 180 dpi, thus characterizing the CIF. Y-infected mice were subjected to an exercise program on a treadmill for 4 weeks (from 150 to 180 dpi), five times per week in a 30–60-min daily training session. At 180 dpi, no alterations were detected in cardiac mitochondrial and oxidative metabolism, which were not affected by physical exercises, although ROS production increased. At 120 and 180 dpi, comparing infected and non-infected mice, no differences were observed in the levels of plasma cytokines, indicating that a crucial biomarker of the systemic inflammatory profile was absent and not affected by exercise. Compared with sedentary mice, trained Y-infected mice showed similar parasite loads and inflammatory cells but reduced cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, our data show that physical exercises promote beneficial changes that may prevent CD progression. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Juliana M. C. Barbosa Ana Cristina S. Bombaça Luiza Dantas-Pereira Luiza Dantas-Pereira Daniel Gibaldi Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Isalira Peroba Ramos Natália Lins Silva-Gomes Otacilio C. Moreira Joseli Lannes-Vieira Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto |
| author_facet |
Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Yasmin Pedra-Rezende Juliana M. C. Barbosa Ana Cristina S. Bombaça Luiza Dantas-Pereira Luiza Dantas-Pereira Daniel Gibaldi Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Glaucia Vilar-Pereira Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Hílton Antônio Mata dos Santos Isalira Peroba Ramos Natália Lins Silva-Gomes Otacilio C. Moreira Joseli Lannes-Vieira Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto |
| author_sort |
Yasmin Pedra-Rezende |
| title |
Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| title_short |
Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| title_full |
Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| title_fullStr |
Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Physical Exercise Promotes a Reduction in Cardiac Fibrosis in the Chronic Indeterminate Form of Experimental Chagas Disease |
| title_sort |
physical exercise promotes a reduction in cardiac fibrosis in the chronic indeterminate form of experimental chagas disease |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/64463a27e7704e30b822434f346db02a |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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