The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.

The ζε module consists of a labile antitoxin protein, ε, which in dimer form (ε(2)) interferes with the action of the long-living monomeric ζ phosphotransferase toxin through protein complex formation. Toxin ζ, which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and may be bactericide in nature, at or near physio...

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Autores principales:	Virginia S Lioy, Cristina Machon, Mariangela Tabone, José E Gonzalez-Pastor, Rimantas Daugelavicius, Silvia Ayora, Juan C Alonso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/644b72a376634cbc9c72fa74b30c5f76
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:644b72a376634cbc9c72fa74b30c5f762021-11-18T07:29:22ZThe ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0030282https://doaj.org/article/644b72a376634cbc9c72fa74b30c5f762012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22295078/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The ζε module consists of a labile antitoxin protein, ε, which in dimer form (ε(2)) interferes with the action of the long-living monomeric ζ phosphotransferase toxin through protein complex formation. Toxin ζ, which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and may be bactericide in nature, at or near physiological concentrations induces reversible cessation of Bacillus subtilis proliferation (protective dormancy) by targeting essential metabolic functions followed by propidium iodide (PI) staining in a fraction (20-30%) of the population and selects a subpopulation of cells that exhibit non-inheritable tolerance (1-5×10(-5)). Early after induction ζ toxin alters the expression of ∼78 genes, with the up-regulation of relA among them. RelA contributes to enforce toxin-induced dormancy. At later times, free active ζ decreases synthesis of macromolecules and releases intracellular K(+). We propose that ζ toxin induces reversible protective dormancy and permeation to PI, and expression of ε(2) antitoxin reverses these effects. At later times, toxin expression is followed by death of a small fraction (∼10%) of PI stained cells that exited earlier or did not enter into the dormant state. Recovery from stress leads to de novo synthesis of ε(2) antitoxin, which blocks ATP binding by ζ toxin, thereby inhibiting its phosphotransferase activity.Virginia S LioyCristina MachonMariangela TaboneJosé E Gonzalez-PastorRimantas DaugelaviciusSilvia AyoraJuan C AlonsoPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e30282 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Virginia S Lioy Cristina Machon Mariangela Tabone José E Gonzalez-Pastor Rimantas Daugelavicius Silvia Ayora Juan C Alonso The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
description	The ζε module consists of a labile antitoxin protein, ε, which in dimer form (ε(2)) interferes with the action of the long-living monomeric ζ phosphotransferase toxin through protein complex formation. Toxin ζ, which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis and may be bactericide in nature, at or near physiological concentrations induces reversible cessation of Bacillus subtilis proliferation (protective dormancy) by targeting essential metabolic functions followed by propidium iodide (PI) staining in a fraction (20-30%) of the population and selects a subpopulation of cells that exhibit non-inheritable tolerance (1-5×10(-5)). Early after induction ζ toxin alters the expression of ∼78 genes, with the up-regulation of relA among them. RelA contributes to enforce toxin-induced dormancy. At later times, free active ζ decreases synthesis of macromolecules and releases intracellular K(+). We propose that ζ toxin induces reversible protective dormancy and permeation to PI, and expression of ε(2) antitoxin reverses these effects. At later times, toxin expression is followed by death of a small fraction (∼10%) of PI stained cells that exited earlier or did not enter into the dormant state. Recovery from stress leads to de novo synthesis of ε(2) antitoxin, which blocks ATP binding by ζ toxin, thereby inhibiting its phosphotransferase activity.
format	article
author	Virginia S Lioy Cristina Machon Mariangela Tabone José E Gonzalez-Pastor Rimantas Daugelavicius Silvia Ayora Juan C Alonso
author_facet	Virginia S Lioy Cristina Machon Mariangela Tabone José E Gonzalez-Pastor Rimantas Daugelavicius Silvia Ayora Juan C Alonso
author_sort	Virginia S Lioy
title	The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
title_short	The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
title_full	The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
title_fullStr	The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
title_full_unstemmed	The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
title_sort	ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/644b72a376634cbc9c72fa74b30c5f76
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The ζ toxin induces a set of protective responses and dormancy.

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