Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Identifying risk factors of depression can provide a better understanding of the disorder in older people. However, to minimize bias due to the influence of confounders and to detect reverse influence, a focus on longitudinal studies using multivariate analysis is requ...

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Autores principales:	Alexander Maier, Steffi G Riedel-Heller, Alexander Pabst, Melanie Luppa
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6453507eb37e46a08a42dc38ca8de16d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6453507eb37e46a08a42dc38ca8de16d2021-12-02T20:05:36ZRisk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0251326https://doaj.org/article/6453507eb37e46a08a42dc38ca8de16d2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251326https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>Identifying risk factors of depression can provide a better understanding of the disorder in older people. However, to minimize bias due to the influence of confounders and to detect reverse influence, a focus on longitudinal studies using multivariate analysis is required.<h4>Design</h4>A systematic literature search was conducted by searching the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Web of Science for all relevant articles published from January 2000 to the end of March 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: prospective design, nationally or regionally representative sample, published in English or German, analyzed risk factors for depression of individuals 65+ identified by multivariate analysis, and provided validity of diagnostic instrument. All results of multivariate analysis were reported and summarized.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty articles were identified. Heterogeneous results were found for education, female gender, self-rated health, cognitive impairment and older age, although significant in several studies. Findings hinted at a protective quality of physical activity. In terms of physical health, chronic disease and difficulty initiating sleep homogeneously increased risk of depression. Mobility impairment resulted as a risk factor in three studies. IADL impairment and vision impairment were mostly identified as significant risk factors. Alcohol consumption and smoking behavior yielded heterogenous results. Psychosocial factors were assessed similarly in multiple studies and yielded heterogenous results.<h4>Limitations</h4>Research was limited to articles published in English or German. Length of follow up was not considered for the presentation of results. Adjustments for and inclusion of different variables in the studies may distort results.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings demonstrate the necessity of refined, more comparable assessment tools for evaluating potential risk factors.Alexander MaierSteffi G Riedel-HellerAlexander PabstMelanie LuppaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 5, p e0251326 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexander Maier Steffi G Riedel-Heller Alexander Pabst Melanie Luppa Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>Identifying risk factors of depression can provide a better understanding of the disorder in older people. However, to minimize bias due to the influence of confounders and to detect reverse influence, a focus on longitudinal studies using multivariate analysis is required.<h4>Design</h4>A systematic literature search was conducted by searching the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane, PsycINFO and Web of Science for all relevant articles published from January 2000 to the end of March 2020. The following inclusion criteria were used: prospective design, nationally or regionally representative sample, published in English or German, analyzed risk factors for depression of individuals 65+ identified by multivariate analysis, and provided validity of diagnostic instrument. All results of multivariate analysis were reported and summarized.<h4>Results</h4>Thirty articles were identified. Heterogeneous results were found for education, female gender, self-rated health, cognitive impairment and older age, although significant in several studies. Findings hinted at a protective quality of physical activity. In terms of physical health, chronic disease and difficulty initiating sleep homogeneously increased risk of depression. Mobility impairment resulted as a risk factor in three studies. IADL impairment and vision impairment were mostly identified as significant risk factors. Alcohol consumption and smoking behavior yielded heterogenous results. Psychosocial factors were assessed similarly in multiple studies and yielded heterogenous results.<h4>Limitations</h4>Research was limited to articles published in English or German. Length of follow up was not considered for the presentation of results. Adjustments for and inclusion of different variables in the studies may distort results.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our findings demonstrate the necessity of refined, more comparable assessment tools for evaluating potential risk factors.
format	article
author	Alexander Maier Steffi G Riedel-Heller Alexander Pabst Melanie Luppa
author_facet	Alexander Maier Steffi G Riedel-Heller Alexander Pabst Melanie Luppa
author_sort	Alexander Maier
title	Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
title_short	Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
title_full	Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
title_fullStr	Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed	Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.
title_sort	risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. a systematic review.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6453507eb37e46a08a42dc38ca8de16d
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Risk factors and protective factors of depression in older people 65+. A systematic review.

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