A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations

Abstract Characterizing exposure-disease associations is a central issue in epidemiology, one which epidemiologists often approach by adopting the index of the odds ratio and presenting its point estimate, p-value and confidence interval. In this study, the parameter space of the odds ratio is parti...

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Autores principales:	Han-Yi Shih, Wen-Chung Lee
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/645b6b8c43bc4822992d77fd412eae5f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:645b6b8c43bc4822992d77fd412eae5f2021-12-02T11:52:35ZA Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations10.1038/s41598-017-05301-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/645b6b8c43bc4822992d77fd412eae5f2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05301-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Characterizing exposure-disease associations is a central issue in epidemiology, one which epidemiologists often approach by adopting the index of the odds ratio and presenting its point estimate, p-value and confidence interval. In this study, the parameter space of the odds ratio is partitioned into five mutually exclusive regions corresponding to ‘strong protective factor’, ‘weak protective factor’, ‘no association’, ‘weak risk factor’, and ‘strong risk factor’, respectively. The authors presented a suite of statistical methods tailored to such a five-region demarcation, including methods for hypothesis testing, confidence interval estimation and calculation of the sample size needed to obtain the desired level of statistical power. The authors show that the five-region methods can efficiently and informatively describe a putative exposure-disease association, including its presence or absence, as well as its direction and strength (if any association exists). Three published results were re-analyzed to demonstrate the methods. R code is provided for convenience as well. The five-region methods are recommended for routine use during the analysis of epidemiologic data.Han-Yi ShihWen-Chung LeeNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Han-Yi Shih Wen-Chung Lee A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
description	Abstract Characterizing exposure-disease associations is a central issue in epidemiology, one which epidemiologists often approach by adopting the index of the odds ratio and presenting its point estimate, p-value and confidence interval. In this study, the parameter space of the odds ratio is partitioned into five mutually exclusive regions corresponding to ‘strong protective factor’, ‘weak protective factor’, ‘no association’, ‘weak risk factor’, and ‘strong risk factor’, respectively. The authors presented a suite of statistical methods tailored to such a five-region demarcation, including methods for hypothesis testing, confidence interval estimation and calculation of the sample size needed to obtain the desired level of statistical power. The authors show that the five-region methods can efficiently and informatively describe a putative exposure-disease association, including its presence or absence, as well as its direction and strength (if any association exists). Three published results were re-analyzed to demonstrate the methods. R code is provided for convenience as well. The five-region methods are recommended for routine use during the analysis of epidemiologic data.
format	article
author	Han-Yi Shih Wen-Chung Lee
author_facet	Han-Yi Shih Wen-Chung Lee
author_sort	Han-Yi Shih
title	A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
title_short	A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
title_full	A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
title_fullStr	A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
title_full_unstemmed	A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations
title_sort	five-region hypothesis test for exposure-disease associations
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/645b6b8c43bc4822992d77fd412eae5f
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A Five-Region Hypothesis Test for Exposure-Disease Associations

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