The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

The global spread of multi-resistant pathogens responsible for infections, which cannot be treated with existing drugs such as antibiotics, is of particular concern. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and drug resistance is leading to more difficult-to-treat infections; therefore, new...

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Autores principales:	Maristella Mastore, Silvia Quadroni, Sara Caramella, Maurizio Francesco Brivio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	antimicrobial peptides <i>Bombyx mori</i> natural compounds silkworm thermal stability hemolymph Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64685f685bb240aea3bdd3f23fd98532
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64685f685bb240aea3bdd3f23fd985322021-11-25T16:23:08ZThe Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains10.3390/antibiotics101113392079-6382https://doaj.org/article/64685f685bb240aea3bdd3f23fd985322021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/11/1339https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382The global spread of multi-resistant pathogens responsible for infections, which cannot be treated with existing drugs such as antibiotics, is of particular concern. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and drug resistance is leading to more difficult-to-treat infections; therefore, new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity are needed and new alternative sources should be found. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are synthesized by processes typical of the innate immune system and are present in almost all organisms. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections as they can produce a wide range of AMPs, providing an effective first line of defense. The AMPs produced by insects therefore represent a possible source of natural antimicrobial molecules. In this paper, the possibility of using plasma preparations from silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) larvae as a source of antimicrobials was evaluated. After simple purification steps, insect plasma was analyzed and tested on different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results obtained are encouraging as the assays on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> showed significant decrease in the growth of these Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained on Gram-positive bacteria, such as <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, which showed strong susceptibility to the silkworm AMPs pool. In contrast, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> displayed high resistance to <i>Bombyx mori</i> plasma. Finally, the tested plasma formulations were assessed for possible storage not only at 4 °C, but also above room temperature. In conclusion, partially purified plasma from silkworm could be a promising source of AMPs which could be used in formulations for topical applications, without additional and expensive purification steps.Maristella MastoreSilvia QuadroniSara CaramellaMaurizio Francesco BrivioMDPI AGarticleantimicrobial peptides<i>Bombyx mori</i>natural compoundssilkwormthermal stabilityhemolymphTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntibiotics, Vol 10, Iss 1339, p 1339 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	antimicrobial peptides <i>Bombyx mori</i> natural compounds silkworm thermal stability hemolymph Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	antimicrobial peptides <i>Bombyx mori</i> natural compounds silkworm thermal stability hemolymph Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Sara Caramella Maurizio Francesco Brivio The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
description	The global spread of multi-resistant pathogens responsible for infections, which cannot be treated with existing drugs such as antibiotics, is of particular concern. Antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective and drug resistance is leading to more difficult-to-treat infections; therefore, new bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity are needed and new alternative sources should be found. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are synthesized by processes typical of the innate immune system and are present in almost all organisms. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections as they can produce a wide range of AMPs, providing an effective first line of defense. The AMPs produced by insects therefore represent a possible source of natural antimicrobial molecules. In this paper, the possibility of using plasma preparations from silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) larvae as a source of antimicrobials was evaluated. After simple purification steps, insect plasma was analyzed and tested on different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The results obtained are encouraging as the assays on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> showed significant decrease in the growth of these Gram-negative bacteria. Similar results were obtained on Gram-positive bacteria, such as <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, which showed strong susceptibility to the silkworm AMPs pool. In contrast, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> displayed high resistance to <i>Bombyx mori</i> plasma. Finally, the tested plasma formulations were assessed for possible storage not only at 4 °C, but also above room temperature. In conclusion, partially purified plasma from silkworm could be a promising source of AMPs which could be used in formulations for topical applications, without additional and expensive purification steps.
format	article
author	Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Sara Caramella Maurizio Francesco Brivio
author_facet	Maristella Mastore Silvia Quadroni Sara Caramella Maurizio Francesco Brivio
author_sort	Maristella Mastore
title	The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
title_short	The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
title_full	The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
title_fullStr	The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
title_full_unstemmed	The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains
title_sort	silkworm as a source of natural antimicrobial preparations: efficacy on various bacterial strains
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/64685f685bb240aea3bdd3f23fd98532
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The Silkworm as a Source of Natural Antimicrobial Preparations: Efficacy on Various Bacterial Strains

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