Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

This work proposes a new method for obtaining poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/microfibrillated cellulose (MC) composites with more balanced properties intended for the substitution of petroleum-based polymers in packaging and engineering applications. To achieve this, the MC surface was adjusted by a...

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Autores principales:	Marius Stelian Popa, Adriana Nicoleta Frone, Ionut Cristian Radu, Paul Octavian Stanescu, Roxana Truşcă, Valentin Rădiţoiu, Cristian Andi Nicolae, Augusta Raluca Gabor, Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	microfibrillated cellulose polymethacrylic acid grafting poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biocomposites compatibility Organic chemistry QD241-441
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/646e32cbda3f4f5a985c89bd97f02978
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:646e32cbda3f4f5a985c89bd97f029782021-11-25T18:48:53ZMicrofibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)10.3390/polym132239702073-4360https://doaj.org/article/646e32cbda3f4f5a985c89bd97f029782021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/22/3970https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4360This work proposes a new method for obtaining poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/microfibrillated cellulose (MC) composites with more balanced properties intended for the substitution of petroleum-based polymers in packaging and engineering applications. To achieve this, the MC surface was adjusted by a new chemical route to enhance its compatibility with the PHB matrix: (i) creating active sites on the surface of MC with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (SIMA) or vinyltriethoxysilane (SIV), followed by (ii) the graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MA). The high efficiency of the SIMA-MA treatment and the lower efficiency in the case of SIV-MA were proven by the changes observed in the Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectra of celluloses. All modified celluloses and the PHB composites containing them showed good thermal stability close to the processing temperature of PHB. SIMA-modified celluloses acted as nucleating agents in PHB, increasing its crystallinity and favoring the formation of smaller spherulites. A uniform dispersion of SIMA-modified celluloses in PHB as a result of the good compatibility between the two phases was observed by scanning electron microscopy and many agglomerations of fibers in the composite with unmodified MC. The dual role of SIMA-MA treatment, as both compatibilizer and plasticizer, was pointed out by mechanical and rheological measurements. This new method to modify MC and obtain PHB/MC composites with more balanced stiffness–toughness properties could be a solution to the high brittleness and poor processability of PHB-based materials.Marius Stelian PopaAdriana Nicoleta FroneIonut Cristian RaduPaul Octavian StanescuRoxana TruşcăValentin RădiţoiuCristian Andi NicolaeAugusta Raluca GaborDenis Mihaela PanaitescuMDPI AGarticlemicrofibrillated cellulosepolymethacrylic acidgraftingpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate)biocompositescompatibilityOrganic chemistryQD241-441ENPolymers, Vol 13, Iss 3970, p 3970 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microfibrillated cellulose polymethacrylic acid grafting poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biocomposites compatibility Organic chemistry QD241-441
spellingShingle	microfibrillated cellulose polymethacrylic acid grafting poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) biocomposites compatibility Organic chemistry QD241-441 Marius Stelian Popa Adriana Nicoleta Frone Ionut Cristian Radu Paul Octavian Stanescu Roxana Truşcă Valentin Rădiţoiu Cristian Andi Nicolae Augusta Raluca Gabor Denis Mihaela Panaitescu Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
description	This work proposes a new method for obtaining poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/microfibrillated cellulose (MC) composites with more balanced properties intended for the substitution of petroleum-based polymers in packaging and engineering applications. To achieve this, the MC surface was adjusted by a new chemical route to enhance its compatibility with the PHB matrix: (i) creating active sites on the surface of MC with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (SIMA) or vinyltriethoxysilane (SIV), followed by (ii) the graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MA). The high efficiency of the SIMA-MA treatment and the lower efficiency in the case of SIV-MA were proven by the changes observed in the Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectra of celluloses. All modified celluloses and the PHB composites containing them showed good thermal stability close to the processing temperature of PHB. SIMA-modified celluloses acted as nucleating agents in PHB, increasing its crystallinity and favoring the formation of smaller spherulites. A uniform dispersion of SIMA-modified celluloses in PHB as a result of the good compatibility between the two phases was observed by scanning electron microscopy and many agglomerations of fibers in the composite with unmodified MC. The dual role of SIMA-MA treatment, as both compatibilizer and plasticizer, was pointed out by mechanical and rheological measurements. This new method to modify MC and obtain PHB/MC composites with more balanced stiffness–toughness properties could be a solution to the high brittleness and poor processability of PHB-based materials.
format	article
author	Marius Stelian Popa Adriana Nicoleta Frone Ionut Cristian Radu Paul Octavian Stanescu Roxana Truşcă Valentin Rădiţoiu Cristian Andi Nicolae Augusta Raluca Gabor Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
author_facet	Marius Stelian Popa Adriana Nicoleta Frone Ionut Cristian Radu Paul Octavian Stanescu Roxana Truşcă Valentin Rădiţoiu Cristian Andi Nicolae Augusta Raluca Gabor Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
author_sort	Marius Stelian Popa
title	Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
title_short	Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
title_full	Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
title_fullStr	Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
title_full_unstemmed	Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
title_sort	microfibrillated cellulose grafted with metacrylic acid as a modifier in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/646e32cbda3f4f5a985c89bd97f02978
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Microfibrillated Cellulose Grafted with Metacrylic Acid as a Modifier in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

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