Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse

Abstract Ohno proposed that dosage compensation in mammals evolved as a two-step mechanism involving X-inactivation and X-upregulation. While X-inactivation is well characterized, it remains to further analysis whether upregulation of the single activated X chromosome in mammals occurs. We obtained...

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Autores principales:	Xiaoyong Li, Zhiqiang Hu, Xuelin Yu, Chen Zhang, Binbin Ma, Lin He, Chaochun Wei, Ji Wu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64738907b8904cf3b30c1474b4aadf9d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64738907b8904cf3b30c1474b4aadf9d2021-12-02T12:32:53ZDosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse10.1038/s41598-017-03829-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/64738907b8904cf3b30c1474b4aadf9d2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03829-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Ohno proposed that dosage compensation in mammals evolved as a two-step mechanism involving X-inactivation and X-upregulation. While X-inactivation is well characterized, it remains to further analysis whether upregulation of the single activated X chromosome in mammals occurs. We obtained RNA-seq data, including single-cell RNA-seq data, from cells undergoing inactivation/reactivation in both germ cell development and early embryogenesis stages in mouse and calculated the X: A ratio from the gene expression. Our results showed that the X: A ratio is always 1, regardless of the number of X chromosomes being transcribed for expressed genes. Furthermore, the single-cell RNA-seq data across individual cells of mouse preimplantation embryos of mixed backgrounds indicated that strain-specific SNPs could be used to distinguish transcription from maternal and paternal chromosomes and further showed that when the paternal was inactivated, the average gene dosage of the active maternal X chromosome was increased to restore the balance between the X chromosome and autosomes. In conclusion, our analysis of RNA-seq data (particularly single-cell RNA-seq) from cells undergoing the process of inactivation/reactivation provides direct evidence that the average gene dosage of the single active X chromosome is upregulated to achieve a similar level to that of two active X chromosomes and autosomes present in two copies.Xiaoyong LiZhiqiang HuXuelin YuChen ZhangBinbin MaLin HeChaochun WeiJi WuNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Xiaoyong Li Zhiqiang Hu Xuelin Yu Chen Zhang Binbin Ma Lin He Chaochun Wei Ji Wu Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
description	Abstract Ohno proposed that dosage compensation in mammals evolved as a two-step mechanism involving X-inactivation and X-upregulation. While X-inactivation is well characterized, it remains to further analysis whether upregulation of the single activated X chromosome in mammals occurs. We obtained RNA-seq data, including single-cell RNA-seq data, from cells undergoing inactivation/reactivation in both germ cell development and early embryogenesis stages in mouse and calculated the X: A ratio from the gene expression. Our results showed that the X: A ratio is always 1, regardless of the number of X chromosomes being transcribed for expressed genes. Furthermore, the single-cell RNA-seq data across individual cells of mouse preimplantation embryos of mixed backgrounds indicated that strain-specific SNPs could be used to distinguish transcription from maternal and paternal chromosomes and further showed that when the paternal was inactivated, the average gene dosage of the active maternal X chromosome was increased to restore the balance between the X chromosome and autosomes. In conclusion, our analysis of RNA-seq data (particularly single-cell RNA-seq) from cells undergoing the process of inactivation/reactivation provides direct evidence that the average gene dosage of the single active X chromosome is upregulated to achieve a similar level to that of two active X chromosomes and autosomes present in two copies.
format	article
author	Xiaoyong Li Zhiqiang Hu Xuelin Yu Chen Zhang Binbin Ma Lin He Chaochun Wei Ji Wu
author_facet	Xiaoyong Li Zhiqiang Hu Xuelin Yu Chen Zhang Binbin Ma Lin He Chaochun Wei Ji Wu
author_sort	Xiaoyong Li
title	Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
title_short	Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
title_full	Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
title_fullStr	Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
title_full_unstemmed	Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
title_sort	dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/64738907b8904cf3b30c1474b4aadf9d
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Dosage compensation in the process of inactivation/reactivation during both germ cell development and early embryogenesis in mouse

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