Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m

Hydrogen cracking (cold cracking), both in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and in weld metal (WM) is one of the main factors responsible for losses in ductility and toughness in wet welds. These losses make it difficult to comply with structural quality requirements for underwater wet welding. This wor...

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Autores principales:	V.R. Santos, A.Q. Bracarense, E.C.P. Pessoa, R.R. Marinho, F.C. Rizzo, A.F. Nóbrega, R.C. Junior, M.J. Monteiro, J.M.A. Rebello
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Hydrogen cracking Underwater welding Wet welding SMAW Diffusible hydrogen Oxyrutile electrodes Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/647c2c59bcae41cc8bbd04f56e0e1f52
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:647c2c59bcae41cc8bbd04f56e0e1f522021-11-26T04:30:52ZPrediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m2238-785410.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.003https://doaj.org/article/647c2c59bcae41cc8bbd04f56e0e1f522021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785421012825https://doaj.org/toc/2238-7854Hydrogen cracking (cold cracking), both in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and in weld metal (WM) is one of the main factors responsible for losses in ductility and toughness in wet welds. These losses make it difficult to comply with structural quality requirements for underwater wet welding. This work presents and discusses experimental results focusing on such cracks in ferritic weldments. The welding tests performed in the laboratory used a mechanized system operating at pressures corresponding to water depths from 0.3 m to 20 m. The relationships between diffusible hydrogen, chemical composition, hardness, and cracking incidences were assessed for both the weld metal and heat-affected zone. Boundary conditions for the occurrence of cracks are suggested. The influence of welding depth on cracking occurrence was also considered. The main contribution of this work is the proposition of limits on diffusible hydrogen, hardness, carbon content, carbon equivalent, and critical metal parameter (Pcm) to avoid hydrogen cracks both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Emphasis is placed on the estimation of conditions to avoid hydrogen cracking in the welding of structural ship steels. Suggestions for future studies are presented.V.R. SantosA.Q. BracarenseE.C.P. PessoaR.R. MarinhoF.C. RizzoA.F. NóbregaR.C. JuniorM.J. MonteiroJ.M.A. RebelloElsevierarticleHydrogen crackingUnderwater weldingWet weldingSMAWDiffusible hydrogenOxyrutile electrodesMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENJournal of Materials Research and Technology, Vol 15, Iss , Pp 5787-5802 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Hydrogen cracking Underwater welding Wet welding SMAW Diffusible hydrogen Oxyrutile electrodes Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	Hydrogen cracking Underwater welding Wet welding SMAW Diffusible hydrogen Oxyrutile electrodes Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 V.R. Santos A.Q. Bracarense E.C.P. Pessoa R.R. Marinho F.C. Rizzo A.F. Nóbrega R.C. Junior M.J. Monteiro J.M.A. Rebello Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
description	Hydrogen cracking (cold cracking), both in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and in weld metal (WM) is one of the main factors responsible for losses in ductility and toughness in wet welds. These losses make it difficult to comply with structural quality requirements for underwater wet welding. This work presents and discusses experimental results focusing on such cracks in ferritic weldments. The welding tests performed in the laboratory used a mechanized system operating at pressures corresponding to water depths from 0.3 m to 20 m. The relationships between diffusible hydrogen, chemical composition, hardness, and cracking incidences were assessed for both the weld metal and heat-affected zone. Boundary conditions for the occurrence of cracks are suggested. The influence of welding depth on cracking occurrence was also considered. The main contribution of this work is the proposition of limits on diffusible hydrogen, hardness, carbon content, carbon equivalent, and critical metal parameter (Pcm) to avoid hydrogen cracks both in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone. Emphasis is placed on the estimation of conditions to avoid hydrogen cracking in the welding of structural ship steels. Suggestions for future studies are presented.
format	article
author	V.R. Santos A.Q. Bracarense E.C.P. Pessoa R.R. Marinho F.C. Rizzo A.F. Nóbrega R.C. Junior M.J. Monteiro J.M.A. Rebello
author_facet	V.R. Santos A.Q. Bracarense E.C.P. Pessoa R.R. Marinho F.C. Rizzo A.F. Nóbrega R.C. Junior M.J. Monteiro J.M.A. Rebello
author_sort	V.R. Santos
title	Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
title_short	Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
title_full	Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
title_fullStr	Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
title_full_unstemmed	Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
title_sort	prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/647c2c59bcae41cc8bbd04f56e0e1f52
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Prediction of hydrogen cracking in the wet welding of structural steels with ferritic stick electrodes down to 20 m

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