Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent

Applying a risk and protection perspective, this study paid special attention to the protective roles of parental and peer support in the face of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) at school. Responding to the inconsistent findings of previous research, the survey study provides greater clarity r...

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Autores principales:	Julia Marie Christina Wenzing, Nadya Gharaei, Zeynep Demir, Maja Katharina Schachner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	perceived ethnic discrimination positive adjustment refugee youth social support youth of immigrant descent Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6488a306a5884242a4c3dd0c55e9daa9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6488a306a5884242a4c3dd0c55e9daa92021-11-25T17:50:37ZDo Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent10.3390/ijerph1822120161660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/6488a306a5884242a4c3dd0c55e9daa92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12016https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Applying a risk and protection perspective, this study paid special attention to the protective roles of parental and peer support in the face of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) at school. Responding to the inconsistent findings of previous research, the survey study provides greater clarity regarding the interactions between PED at school, social support and positive adjustment (self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and school integration). The sample comprised 104 ethnic-minority youth (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 17.73, <i>SD</i> = 3.29, 61% female), including refugee youth (<i>n</i> = 55) and second- and third-generation youth of immigrant descent (<i>n</i> = 49). Structural equation models across the whole sample confirmed peer support as a significant moderator, indicating that ethnic-minority youth who received low peer support were less optimistic when facing PED. In multi-group models, we tested whether results differ across refugee youth and youth of immigrant descent. Results revealed between-group differences concerning the moderating roles of parental and peer support: For youth of immigrant descent, while more PED was associated with lower self-esteem when receiving low parental support, we found a positive association between PED and optimism when receiving high parental support. Based on the findings that refugee youth were shown to be less optimistic when obtaining low peer support, the main interaction effect for peer support on optimism seemed to be driven by refugee youth. The results of our cross-sectional study highlight the importance of identifying specific social support factors for specific adjustment outcomes and also the importance of differentiating between minority groups. Further, the findings offer practical implications for the educational sector in terms of programs focusing on the development of peer-support networks to especially promote refugee youth resilience and resettlement in Germany.Julia Marie Christina WenzingNadya GharaeiZeynep DemirMaja Katharina SchachnerMDPI AGarticleperceived ethnic discriminationpositive adjustmentrefugee youthsocial supportyouth of immigrant descentMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12016, p 12016 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	perceived ethnic discrimination positive adjustment refugee youth social support youth of immigrant descent Medicine R
spellingShingle	perceived ethnic discrimination positive adjustment refugee youth social support youth of immigrant descent Medicine R Julia Marie Christina Wenzing Nadya Gharaei Zeynep Demir Maja Katharina Schachner Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
description	Applying a risk and protection perspective, this study paid special attention to the protective roles of parental and peer support in the face of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) at school. Responding to the inconsistent findings of previous research, the survey study provides greater clarity regarding the interactions between PED at school, social support and positive adjustment (self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and school integration). The sample comprised 104 ethnic-minority youth (<i>M<sub>age</sub></i> = 17.73, <i>SD</i> = 3.29, 61% female), including refugee youth (<i>n</i> = 55) and second- and third-generation youth of immigrant descent (<i>n</i> = 49). Structural equation models across the whole sample confirmed peer support as a significant moderator, indicating that ethnic-minority youth who received low peer support were less optimistic when facing PED. In multi-group models, we tested whether results differ across refugee youth and youth of immigrant descent. Results revealed between-group differences concerning the moderating roles of parental and peer support: For youth of immigrant descent, while more PED was associated with lower self-esteem when receiving low parental support, we found a positive association between PED and optimism when receiving high parental support. Based on the findings that refugee youth were shown to be less optimistic when obtaining low peer support, the main interaction effect for peer support on optimism seemed to be driven by refugee youth. The results of our cross-sectional study highlight the importance of identifying specific social support factors for specific adjustment outcomes and also the importance of differentiating between minority groups. Further, the findings offer practical implications for the educational sector in terms of programs focusing on the development of peer-support networks to especially promote refugee youth resilience and resettlement in Germany.
format	article
author	Julia Marie Christina Wenzing Nadya Gharaei Zeynep Demir Maja Katharina Schachner
author_facet	Julia Marie Christina Wenzing Nadya Gharaei Zeynep Demir Maja Katharina Schachner
author_sort	Julia Marie Christina Wenzing
title	Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
title_short	Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
title_full	Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
title_fullStr	Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
title_full_unstemmed	Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent
title_sort	do parental and peer support protect adjustment in the face of ethnic discrimination? a comparison between refugee youth and youth of immigrant descent
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6488a306a5884242a4c3dd0c55e9daa9
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Do Parental and Peer Support Protect Adjustment in the Face of Ethnic Discrimination? A Comparison between Refugee Youth and Youth of Immigrant Descent

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