Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage

Abstract DNA polymerase template switching between short, non-identical inverted repeats (IRs) is a genetic mechanism that leads to the homogenization of IR arms and to IR spacer inversion, which cause multinucleotide mutations (MNMs). It is unknown if and how template switching affects gene evoluti...

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Autores principales:	May Abraham, Einat Hazkani-Covo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/648cd048ea8a4ba889aa87defdaf79af
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:648cd048ea8a4ba889aa87defdaf79af2021-11-21T12:23:37ZProtein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage10.1038/s41598-021-01736-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/648cd048ea8a4ba889aa87defdaf79af2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01736-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract DNA polymerase template switching between short, non-identical inverted repeats (IRs) is a genetic mechanism that leads to the homogenization of IR arms and to IR spacer inversion, which cause multinucleotide mutations (MNMs). It is unknown if and how template switching affects gene evolution. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine the effect of template switching between IR arms on coding DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To achieve this, perfect IRs that co-occurred with MNMs between a strain and its parental node were identified in S. cerevisiae strains. We determined that template switching introduced MNMs into 39 protein-coding genes through S. cerevisiae evolution, resulting in both arm homogenization and inversion of the IR spacer. These events in turn resulted in nonsynonymous substitutions and up to five neighboring amino acid replacements in a single gene. The study demonstrates that template switching is a powerful generator of multiple substitutions within codons. Additionally, some template switching events occurred more than once during S. cerevisiae evolution. Our findings suggest that template switching constitutes a general mutagenic mechanism that results in both nonsynonymous substitutions and parallel evolution, which are traditionally considered as evidence for positive selection, without the need for adaptive explanations.May AbrahamEinat Hazkani-CovoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q May Abraham Einat Hazkani-Covo Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
description	Abstract DNA polymerase template switching between short, non-identical inverted repeats (IRs) is a genetic mechanism that leads to the homogenization of IR arms and to IR spacer inversion, which cause multinucleotide mutations (MNMs). It is unknown if and how template switching affects gene evolution. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis to determine the effect of template switching between IR arms on coding DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To achieve this, perfect IRs that co-occurred with MNMs between a strain and its parental node were identified in S. cerevisiae strains. We determined that template switching introduced MNMs into 39 protein-coding genes through S. cerevisiae evolution, resulting in both arm homogenization and inversion of the IR spacer. These events in turn resulted in nonsynonymous substitutions and up to five neighboring amino acid replacements in a single gene. The study demonstrates that template switching is a powerful generator of multiple substitutions within codons. Additionally, some template switching events occurred more than once during S. cerevisiae evolution. Our findings suggest that template switching constitutes a general mutagenic mechanism that results in both nonsynonymous substitutions and parallel evolution, which are traditionally considered as evidence for positive selection, without the need for adaptive explanations.
format	article
author	May Abraham Einat Hazkani-Covo
author_facet	May Abraham Einat Hazkani-Covo
author_sort	May Abraham
title	Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
title_short	Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
title_full	Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
title_fullStr	Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
title_full_unstemmed	Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
title_sort	protein innovation through template switching in the saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/648cd048ea8a4ba889aa87defdaf79af
work_keys_str_mv	AT mayabraham proteininnovationthroughtemplateswitchinginthesaccharomycescerevisiaelineage AT einathazkanicovo proteininnovationthroughtemplateswitchinginthesaccharomycescerevisiaelineage
_version_	1718419068316286976

Protein innovation through template switching in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lineage

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