Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences

In the last decades, growing evidence showed the therapeutic capabilities of Cannabis plants. These capabilities were attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes of female inflorescences, mainly phytocannabinoids and terpenoids. The accumulation of the metab...

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Autores principales:	Carni Lipson Feder, Oded Cohen, Anna Shapira, Itay Katzir, Reut Peer, Ohad Guberman, Shiri Procaccia, Paula Berman, Moshe Flaishman, David Meiri
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Cannabis cannabinoids terpenoids secondary metabolites chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical—methods Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64a382e5a38f4a25a9b2da7692d1bf3e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64a382e5a38f4a25a9b2da7692d1bf3e2021-11-05T11:40:53ZFertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.753847https://doaj.org/article/64a382e5a38f4a25a9b2da7692d1bf3e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.753847/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XIn the last decades, growing evidence showed the therapeutic capabilities of Cannabis plants. These capabilities were attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes of female inflorescences, mainly phytocannabinoids and terpenoids. The accumulation of the metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental and environmental factors. As Cannabis is a dioecious plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids; therefore, this study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- or cannabidiol (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich, CBD-rich, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoids and terpenoids content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards. We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoids content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of monoterpenoids had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The sesquiterpenoids remained unchanged in the THC-rich female and had a trend of decrease in the CBD-rich female. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration followed by fertilization with particular male plants. Our results demonstrate that although the profile of phytocannabinoids and their relative ratios were kept, fertilization substantially decreased the concentration of nearly all phytocannabinoids in the plant regardless of the type of fertilizing male. Our findings may point to the functional roles of secondary metabolites in Cannabis.Carni Lipson FederOded CohenAnna ShapiraItay KatzirReut PeerOhad GubermanShiri ProcacciaPaula BermanMoshe FlaishmanDavid MeiriFrontiers Media S.A.articleCannabiscannabinoidsterpenoidssecondary metaboliteschromatography/mass spectrometryanalytical—methodsPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cannabis cannabinoids terpenoids secondary metabolites chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical—methods Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	Cannabis cannabinoids terpenoids secondary metabolites chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical—methods Plant culture SB1-1110 Carni Lipson Feder Oded Cohen Anna Shapira Itay Katzir Reut Peer Ohad Guberman Shiri Procaccia Paula Berman Moshe Flaishman David Meiri Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
description	In the last decades, growing evidence showed the therapeutic capabilities of Cannabis plants. These capabilities were attributed to the specialized secondary metabolites stored in the glandular trichomes of female inflorescences, mainly phytocannabinoids and terpenoids. The accumulation of the metabolites in the flower is versatile and influenced by a largely unknown regulation system, attributed to genetic, developmental and environmental factors. As Cannabis is a dioecious plant, one main factor is fertilization after successful pollination. Fertilized flowers are considerably less potent, likely due to changes in the contents of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids; therefore, this study examined the effect of fertilization on metabolite composition by crossbreeding (-)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- or cannabidiol (CBD)-rich female plants with different male plants: THC-rich, CBD-rich, or the original female plant induced to develop male pollen sacs. We used advanced analytical methods to assess the phytocannabinoids and terpenoids content, including a newly developed semi-quantitative analysis for terpenoids without analytical standards. We found that fertilization significantly decreased phytocannabinoids content. For terpenoids, the subgroup of monoterpenoids had similar trends to the phytocannabinoids, proposing both are commonly regulated in the plant. The sesquiterpenoids remained unchanged in the THC-rich female and had a trend of decrease in the CBD-rich female. Additionally, specific phytocannabinoids and terpenoids showed an uncommon increase in concentration followed by fertilization with particular male plants. Our results demonstrate that although the profile of phytocannabinoids and their relative ratios were kept, fertilization substantially decreased the concentration of nearly all phytocannabinoids in the plant regardless of the type of fertilizing male. Our findings may point to the functional roles of secondary metabolites in Cannabis.
format	article
author	Carni Lipson Feder Oded Cohen Anna Shapira Itay Katzir Reut Peer Ohad Guberman Shiri Procaccia Paula Berman Moshe Flaishman David Meiri
author_facet	Carni Lipson Feder Oded Cohen Anna Shapira Itay Katzir Reut Peer Ohad Guberman Shiri Procaccia Paula Berman Moshe Flaishman David Meiri
author_sort	Carni Lipson Feder
title	Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
title_short	Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
title_full	Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
title_fullStr	Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
title_full_unstemmed	Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences
title_sort	fertilization following pollination predominantly decreases phytocannabinoids accumulation and alters the accumulation of terpenoids in cannabis inflorescences
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/64a382e5a38f4a25a9b2da7692d1bf3e
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Fertilization Following Pollination Predominantly Decreases Phytocannabinoids Accumulation and Alters the Accumulation of Terpenoids in Cannabis Inflorescences

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