Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier

ABSTRACT Conserving additional energy from sunlight through bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-based reaction center or proton-pumping rhodopsin is a highly successful life strategy in environmental bacteria. BChl and rhodopsin-based systems display contrasting characteristics in the size of coding operon,...

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Autores principales:	Yonghui Zeng, Xihan Chen, Anne Mette Madsen, Athanasios Zervas, Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen, Adrian-Stefan Andrei, Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen, Yongqin Liu, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2020
Materias:	phototrophy glacial bacteria bacteriochlorophyll rhodopsin genome evolution Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64b43cebd9f44599bf5d904282c4261c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64b43cebd9f44599bf5d904282c4261c2021-11-15T15:55:44ZPotential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier10.1128/mBio.02641-202150-7511https://doaj.org/article/64b43cebd9f44599bf5d904282c4261c2020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02641-20https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Conserving additional energy from sunlight through bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-based reaction center or proton-pumping rhodopsin is a highly successful life strategy in environmental bacteria. BChl and rhodopsin-based systems display contrasting characteristics in the size of coding operon, cost of biosynthesis, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production. This raises an intriguing question of whether a single bacterium has evolved the ability to perform these two types of phototrophy complementarily according to energy needs and environmental conditions. Here, we report four Tardiphaga sp. strains (Alphaproteobacteria) of monophyletic origin isolated from a high Arctic glacier in northeast Greenland (81.566° N, 16.363° W) that are at different evolutionary stages concerning phototrophy. Their >99.8% identical genomes contain footprints of horizontal operon transfer (HOT) of the complete gene clusters encoding BChl- and xanthorhodopsin (XR)-based dual phototrophy. Two strains possess only a complete XR operon, while the other two strains have both a photosynthesis gene cluster and an XR operon in their genomes. All XR operons are heavily surrounded by mobile genetic elements and are located close to a tRNA gene, strongly signaling that a HOT event of the XR operon has occurred recently. Mining public genome databases and our high Arctic glacial and soil metagenomes revealed that phylogenetically diverse bacteria have the metabolic potential of performing BChl- and rhodopsin-based dual phototrophy. Our data provide new insights on how bacteria cope with the harsh and energy-deficient environment in surface glacier, possibly by maximizing the capability of exploiting solar energy. IMPORTANCE Over the course of evolution for billions of years, bacteria that are capable of light-driven energy production have occupied every corner of surface Earth where sunlight can reach. Only two general biological systems have evolved in bacteria to be capable of net energy conservation via light harvesting: one is based on the pigment of (bacterio-)chlorophyll and the other is based on proton-pumping rhodopsin. There is emerging genomic evidence that these two rather different systems can coexist in a single bacterium to take advantage of their contrasting characteristics in the number of genes involved, biosynthesis cost, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production and thus enhance the capability of exploiting solar energy. Our data provide the first clear-cut evidence that such dual phototrophy potentially exists in glacial bacteria. Further public genome mining suggests this understudied dual phototrophic mechanism is possibly more common than our data alone suggested.Yonghui ZengXihan ChenAnne Mette MadsenAthanasios ZervasTue Kjærgaard NielsenAdrian-Stefan AndreiLars Chresten Lund-HansenYongqin LiuLars Hestbjerg HansenAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlephototrophyglacial bacteriabacteriochlorophyllrhodopsingenome evolutionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 11, Iss 6 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	phototrophy glacial bacteria bacteriochlorophyll rhodopsin genome evolution Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	phototrophy glacial bacteria bacteriochlorophyll rhodopsin genome evolution Microbiology QR1-502 Yonghui Zeng Xihan Chen Anne Mette Madsen Athanasios Zervas Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen Adrian-Stefan Andrei Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen Yongqin Liu Lars Hestbjerg Hansen Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
description	ABSTRACT Conserving additional energy from sunlight through bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)-based reaction center or proton-pumping rhodopsin is a highly successful life strategy in environmental bacteria. BChl and rhodopsin-based systems display contrasting characteristics in the size of coding operon, cost of biosynthesis, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production. This raises an intriguing question of whether a single bacterium has evolved the ability to perform these two types of phototrophy complementarily according to energy needs and environmental conditions. Here, we report four Tardiphaga sp. strains (Alphaproteobacteria) of monophyletic origin isolated from a high Arctic glacier in northeast Greenland (81.566° N, 16.363° W) that are at different evolutionary stages concerning phototrophy. Their >99.8% identical genomes contain footprints of horizontal operon transfer (HOT) of the complete gene clusters encoding BChl- and xanthorhodopsin (XR)-based dual phototrophy. Two strains possess only a complete XR operon, while the other two strains have both a photosynthesis gene cluster and an XR operon in their genomes. All XR operons are heavily surrounded by mobile genetic elements and are located close to a tRNA gene, strongly signaling that a HOT event of the XR operon has occurred recently. Mining public genome databases and our high Arctic glacial and soil metagenomes revealed that phylogenetically diverse bacteria have the metabolic potential of performing BChl- and rhodopsin-based dual phototrophy. Our data provide new insights on how bacteria cope with the harsh and energy-deficient environment in surface glacier, possibly by maximizing the capability of exploiting solar energy. IMPORTANCE Over the course of evolution for billions of years, bacteria that are capable of light-driven energy production have occupied every corner of surface Earth where sunlight can reach. Only two general biological systems have evolved in bacteria to be capable of net energy conservation via light harvesting: one is based on the pigment of (bacterio-)chlorophyll and the other is based on proton-pumping rhodopsin. There is emerging genomic evidence that these two rather different systems can coexist in a single bacterium to take advantage of their contrasting characteristics in the number of genes involved, biosynthesis cost, ease of expression control, and efficiency of energy production and thus enhance the capability of exploiting solar energy. Our data provide the first clear-cut evidence that such dual phototrophy potentially exists in glacial bacteria. Further public genome mining suggests this understudied dual phototrophic mechanism is possibly more common than our data alone suggested.
format	article
author	Yonghui Zeng Xihan Chen Anne Mette Madsen Athanasios Zervas Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen Adrian-Stefan Andrei Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen Yongqin Liu Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
author_facet	Yonghui Zeng Xihan Chen Anne Mette Madsen Athanasios Zervas Tue Kjærgaard Nielsen Adrian-Stefan Andrei Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen Yongqin Liu Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
author_sort	Yonghui Zeng
title	Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
title_short	Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
title_full	Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
title_fullStr	Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier
title_sort	potential rhodopsin- and bacteriochlorophyll-based dual phototrophy in a high arctic glacier
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/64b43cebd9f44599bf5d904282c4261c
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Potential Rhodopsin- and Bacteriochlorophyll-Based Dual Phototrophy in a High Arctic Glacier

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