Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe

King Yuk Chan, Rodica Ramer School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Purpose: This article presents the study and simulation results of a millimeter (mm)-wave device for cancerous tissue detection. mm-Wave approach ensures cheaper...

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Autores principales:	Chan KY, Ramer R
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2018
Materias:	Millimetre wave sensor electromagnetics near-field continuous wave diagnostic Medical technology R855-855.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64e3787312384abe96ba4ebaee004f64
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64e3787312384abe96ba4ebaee004f642021-12-02T03:27:19ZNovel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe1179-1470https://doaj.org/article/64e3787312384abe96ba4ebaee004f642018-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/novel-concept-of-detecting-basal-cell-carcinoma-in-skin-tissue-using-a-peer-reviewed-article-MDERhttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1470King Yuk Chan, Rodica Ramer School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Purpose: This article presents the study and simulation results of a millimeter (mm)-wave device for cancerous tissue detection. mm-Wave approach ensures cheaper equipment instead of the traditional terahertz (THz) frequency approach. A probe that could be implemented using inexpensive silicon technology is proposed, and it also permits integration of entire measuring tool for easy deployment. Skin cancer was chosen as it represents ~80% of all newly diagnosed cases and is the most common form of cancer in Australia. For an initial development and validation, due to data availability consideration in the open literature, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was used for simulations. Methods and results: A probe, using high-frequency signals in the upper mm-wave frequency spectrum (90–300 GHz) to maximize the lateral resolution (mm precision) and allows the detection of tumors located at up to 0.5 mm deep in the skin, is proposed. A frequency-dependent relativity permittivity and an equivalent conductivity of skins were calculated based on the double Debye parameters. For the first time, electromagnetic (EM) models were generated and used along with a high-frequency EM simulator, ANSYS HFSS, to demonstrate the sensitivity of the concept. The following two scenarios were studied: in scenario one, a BCC layer of different thicknesses (10–3000 μm) was located on the top of the normal skin and, in scenario two, the BCC was embedded in normal skin at depths from 10 to 3000 μm. Variability using ±10% of the corresponding dielectric property was also considered. Conclusion: This study showed that the reflection coefficients vs frequency could capture useful information indicating the possible presence of BCC at mm-wave frequencies. Both magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient were quantified, with two scenarios analyzed. It was found that a dual-band approach, 100–150 and 200–250 GHz, has the ability to highlight deviations from the normal skin. Keywords: millimeter wave, sensor, electromagnetics, near-field, continuous wave, diagnosticChan KYRamer RDove Medical PressarticleMillimetre wavesensorelectromagneticsnear-fieldcontinuous wavediagnosticMedical technologyR855-855.5ENMedical Devices: Evidence and Research, Vol Volume 11, Pp 275-285 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Millimetre wave sensor electromagnetics near-field continuous wave diagnostic Medical technology R855-855.5
spellingShingle	Millimetre wave sensor electromagnetics near-field continuous wave diagnostic Medical technology R855-855.5 Chan KY Ramer R Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
description	King Yuk Chan, Rodica Ramer School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Purpose: This article presents the study and simulation results of a millimeter (mm)-wave device for cancerous tissue detection. mm-Wave approach ensures cheaper equipment instead of the traditional terahertz (THz) frequency approach. A probe that could be implemented using inexpensive silicon technology is proposed, and it also permits integration of entire measuring tool for easy deployment. Skin cancer was chosen as it represents ~80% of all newly diagnosed cases and is the most common form of cancer in Australia. For an initial development and validation, due to data availability consideration in the open literature, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was used for simulations. Methods and results: A probe, using high-frequency signals in the upper mm-wave frequency spectrum (90–300 GHz) to maximize the lateral resolution (mm precision) and allows the detection of tumors located at up to 0.5 mm deep in the skin, is proposed. A frequency-dependent relativity permittivity and an equivalent conductivity of skins were calculated based on the double Debye parameters. For the first time, electromagnetic (EM) models were generated and used along with a high-frequency EM simulator, ANSYS HFSS, to demonstrate the sensitivity of the concept. The following two scenarios were studied: in scenario one, a BCC layer of different thicknesses (10–3000 μm) was located on the top of the normal skin and, in scenario two, the BCC was embedded in normal skin at depths from 10 to 3000 μm. Variability using ±10% of the corresponding dielectric property was also considered. Conclusion: This study showed that the reflection coefficients vs frequency could capture useful information indicating the possible presence of BCC at mm-wave frequencies. Both magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient were quantified, with two scenarios analyzed. It was found that a dual-band approach, 100–150 and 200–250 GHz, has the ability to highlight deviations from the normal skin. Keywords: millimeter wave, sensor, electromagnetics, near-field, continuous wave, diagnostic
format	article
author	Chan KY Ramer R
author_facet	Chan KY Ramer R
author_sort	Chan KY
title	Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
title_short	Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
title_full	Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
title_fullStr	Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
title_full_unstemmed	Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
title_sort	novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/64e3787312384abe96ba4ebaee004f64
work_keys_str_mv	AT chanky novelconceptofdetectingbasalcellcarcinomainskintissueusingacontinuouswavemillimeterwaverectangularglassfilledprobe AT ramerr novelconceptofdetectingbasalcellcarcinomainskintissueusingacontinuouswavemillimeterwaverectangularglassfilledprobe
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Novel concept of detecting basal cell carcinoma in skin tissue using a continuous-wave millimeter-wave rectangular glass filled probe

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