The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton

Abstract Background Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium (K) demand for crop growth in the field, but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) balance of cotton and the reprodu...

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Autores principales:	Wei HU, Chaoran YU, Wenqing ZHAO, Ruixian LIU, Changqin YANG, Zhiguo ZHOU
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop straw Inorganic potassium fertilizer Reproductive growth C-N balance Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/64e7fde5785943e39ab3ba4d43258001
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:64e7fde5785943e39ab3ba4d432580012021-12-05T12:10:28ZThe effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton10.1186/s42397-021-00106-32523-3254https://doaj.org/article/64e7fde5785943e39ab3ba4d432580012021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-021-00106-3https://doaj.org/toc/2523-3254Abstract Background Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium (K) demand for crop growth in the field, but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) balance of cotton and the reproductive growth. To address this, field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar, Siza 3, under there treatments (CK as control group one, no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied; K150 as control group two, 150 kg·ha−1 of K2O was applied; and W9000, 9 000 kg·ha−1 wheat straw, which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha−1, was incorporated into soil). Results Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150, W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass (RRT), suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs. The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher, but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3% and 2.5%∼8.2% lower under W9000 than K150. Also, the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass (T) was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150, which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000. Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period, so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150. Consequently, lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting (BSS) and boll-opening (BOS) stages. Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities, and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation. However, less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages. This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application, which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150. The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars, hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150. Conclusion Under low K condition, crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink, leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.Wei HUChaoran YUWenqing ZHAORuixian LIUChangqin YANGZhiguo ZHOUBMCarticleGossypium hirsutum L.Crop strawInorganic potassium fertilizerReproductive growthC-N balancePlant cultureSB1-1110ENJournal of Cotton Research, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop straw Inorganic potassium fertilizer Reproductive growth C-N balance Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop straw Inorganic potassium fertilizer Reproductive growth C-N balance Plant culture SB1-1110 Wei HU Chaoran YU Wenqing ZHAO Ruixian LIU Changqin YANG Zhiguo ZHOU The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
description	Abstract Background Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium (K) demand for crop growth in the field, but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen (C–N) balance of cotton and the reproductive growth. To address this, field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar, Siza 3, under there treatments (CK as control group one, no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied; K150 as control group two, 150 kg·ha−1 of K2O was applied; and W9000, 9 000 kg·ha−1 wheat straw, which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha−1, was incorporated into soil). Results Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150, W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass (RRT), suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs. The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher, but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3% and 2.5%∼8.2% lower under W9000 than K150. Also, the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass (T) was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150, which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000. Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period, so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150. Consequently, lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting (BSS) and boll-opening (BOS) stages. Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities, and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation. However, less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages. This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application, which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150. The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars, hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150. Conclusion Under low K condition, crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink, leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.
format	article
author	Wei HU Chaoran YU Wenqing ZHAO Ruixian LIU Changqin YANG Zhiguo ZHOU
author_facet	Wei HU Chaoran YU Wenqing ZHAO Ruixian LIU Changqin YANG Zhiguo ZHOU
author_sort	Wei HU
title	The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
title_short	The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
title_full	The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
title_fullStr	The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
title_full_unstemmed	The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
title_sort	effects of straw-returning and inorganic k fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/64e7fde5785943e39ab3ba4d43258001
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The effects of straw-returning and inorganic K fertilizer on the carbon–nitrogen balance and reproductive growth of cotton

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