In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)

Abstract In total, 90 gelatinous spheres, averaging one meter in diameter, have been recorded from ~ 1985 to 2019 from the NE Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, using citizen science. More than 50% had a dark streak through center. They were recorded from the surface to ~ 60–70 m depth...

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Autores principales:	Halldis Ringvold, Morag Taite, A. Louise Allcock, Michael Vecchione, Michel Péan, Roberto Sandulli, Geir Johnsen, Arne Fjellheim, Snorre Bakke, Hanne Sannæs, Ann-Elin Wårøy Synnes, José Coronel, Martin Hansen, Peter G. Olejar, Geir Eliassen, Anita Eliassen, Karl Klungland
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/650441c7c0e44f25bba832c8cb444bb4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:650441c7c0e44f25bba832c8cb444bb42021-12-02T14:23:13ZIn situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)10.1038/s41598-021-86164-82045-2322https://doaj.org/article/650441c7c0e44f25bba832c8cb444bb42021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86164-8https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract In total, 90 gelatinous spheres, averaging one meter in diameter, have been recorded from ~ 1985 to 2019 from the NE Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, using citizen science. More than 50% had a dark streak through center. They were recorded from the surface to ~ 60–70 m depth, mainly neutrally buoyant, in temperatures between 8 and 24°C. Lack of tissue samples has until now, prohibited confirmation of species. However, in 2019 scuba divers secured four tissue samples from the Norwegian coast. In the present study, DNA analysis using COI confirms species identity as the ommastrephid broadtail shortfin squid Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839); these are the first confirmed records from the wild. Squid embryos at different stages were found in different egg masses: (1) recently fertilized eggs (stage ~ 3), (2) organogenesis (stages ~ 17–19 and ~ 23), and (3) developed embryo (stage ~ 30). Without tissue samples from each and every record for DNA corroboration we cannot be certain that all spherical egg masses are conspecific, or that the remaining 86 observed spheres belong to Illex coindetii. However, due to similar morphology and size of these spheres, relative to the four spheres with DNA analysis, we suspect that many of them were made by I. coindetii.Halldis RingvoldMorag TaiteA. Louise AllcockMichael VecchioneMichel PéanRoberto SandulliGeir JohnsenArne FjellheimSnorre BakkeHanne SannæsAnn-Elin Wårøy SynnesJosé CoronelMartin HansenPeter G. OlejarGeir EliassenAnita EliassenKarl KlunglandNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Halldis Ringvold Morag Taite A. Louise Allcock Michael Vecchione Michel Péan Roberto Sandulli Geir Johnsen Arne Fjellheim Snorre Bakke Hanne Sannæs Ann-Elin Wårøy Synnes José Coronel Martin Hansen Peter G. Olejar Geir Eliassen Anita Eliassen Karl Klungland In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
description	Abstract In total, 90 gelatinous spheres, averaging one meter in diameter, have been recorded from ~ 1985 to 2019 from the NE Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea, using citizen science. More than 50% had a dark streak through center. They were recorded from the surface to ~ 60–70 m depth, mainly neutrally buoyant, in temperatures between 8 and 24°C. Lack of tissue samples has until now, prohibited confirmation of species. However, in 2019 scuba divers secured four tissue samples from the Norwegian coast. In the present study, DNA analysis using COI confirms species identity as the ommastrephid broadtail shortfin squid Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839); these are the first confirmed records from the wild. Squid embryos at different stages were found in different egg masses: (1) recently fertilized eggs (stage ~ 3), (2) organogenesis (stages ~ 17–19 and ~ 23), and (3) developed embryo (stage ~ 30). Without tissue samples from each and every record for DNA corroboration we cannot be certain that all spherical egg masses are conspecific, or that the remaining 86 observed spheres belong to Illex coindetii. However, due to similar morphology and size of these spheres, relative to the four spheres with DNA analysis, we suspect that many of them were made by I. coindetii.
format	article
author	Halldis Ringvold Morag Taite A. Louise Allcock Michael Vecchione Michel Péan Roberto Sandulli Geir Johnsen Arne Fjellheim Snorre Bakke Hanne Sannæs Ann-Elin Wårøy Synnes José Coronel Martin Hansen Peter G. Olejar Geir Eliassen Anita Eliassen Karl Klungland
author_facet	Halldis Ringvold Morag Taite A. Louise Allcock Michael Vecchione Michel Péan Roberto Sandulli Geir Johnsen Arne Fjellheim Snorre Bakke Hanne Sannæs Ann-Elin Wårøy Synnes José Coronel Martin Hansen Peter G. Olejar Geir Eliassen Anita Eliassen Karl Klungland
author_sort	Halldis Ringvold
title	In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
title_short	In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
title_full	In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
title_fullStr	In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
title_full_unstemmed	In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
title_sort	in situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from ne atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of illex coindetii (vérany, 1839) (cephalopoda, mollusca)
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/650441c7c0e44f25bba832c8cb444bb4
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In situ recordings of large gelatinous spheres from NE Atlantic, and the first genetic confirmation of egg mass of Illex coindetii (Vérany, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Mollusca)

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