Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines has raised great hopes for treating poor prognosis metastatic CRCs that are resistant to the conventio...

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Autores principales:	Li-Feng Hu, Huan-Rong Lan, Dong Huang, Xue-Min Li, Ke-Tao Jin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	colorectal cancer immunotherapy personalized medicine neoantigen heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/651160a5315c4b32923bdb3a175e02ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:651160a5315c4b32923bdb3a175e02ed2021-11-30T12:27:45ZPersonalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?2234-943X10.3389/fonc.2021.769305https://doaj.org/article/651160a5315c4b32923bdb3a175e02ed2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.769305/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines has raised great hopes for treating poor prognosis metastatic CRCs that are resistant to the conventional therapies. However, high inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity hinder the success of immunotherapy in CRC. Patients with a similar tumor phenotype respond differently to the same immunotherapy regimen. Mutation-based classification, molecular subtyping, and immunoscoring of CRCs facilitated the multi-aspect grouping of CRC patients and improved immunotherapy. Personalized immunotherapy using tumor-specific neoantigens provides the opportunity to consider each patient as an independent group deserving of individualized immunotherapy. In the recent decade, the development of sequencing and multi-omics techniques has helped us classify patients more precisely. The expansion of such advanced techniques along with the neoantigen-based immunotherapy could herald a new era in treating heterogeneous tumors such as CRC. In this review article, we provided the latest findings in immunotherapy of CRC. We elaborated on the heterogeneity of CRC patients as a bottleneck of CRC immunotherapy and reviewed the latest advances in personalized immunotherapy to overcome CRC heterogeneity.Li-Feng HuHuan-Rong LanDong HuangXue-Min LiKe-Tao JinFrontiers Media S.A.articlecolorectal cancerimmunotherapypersonalized medicineneoantigenheterogeneityNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENFrontiers in Oncology, Vol 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	colorectal cancer immunotherapy personalized medicine neoantigen heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	colorectal cancer immunotherapy personalized medicine neoantigen heterogeneity Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Li-Feng Hu Huan-Rong Lan Dong Huang Xue-Min Li Ke-Tao Jin Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
description	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines has raised great hopes for treating poor prognosis metastatic CRCs that are resistant to the conventional therapies. However, high inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity hinder the success of immunotherapy in CRC. Patients with a similar tumor phenotype respond differently to the same immunotherapy regimen. Mutation-based classification, molecular subtyping, and immunoscoring of CRCs facilitated the multi-aspect grouping of CRC patients and improved immunotherapy. Personalized immunotherapy using tumor-specific neoantigens provides the opportunity to consider each patient as an independent group deserving of individualized immunotherapy. In the recent decade, the development of sequencing and multi-omics techniques has helped us classify patients more precisely. The expansion of such advanced techniques along with the neoantigen-based immunotherapy could herald a new era in treating heterogeneous tumors such as CRC. In this review article, we provided the latest findings in immunotherapy of CRC. We elaborated on the heterogeneity of CRC patients as a bottleneck of CRC immunotherapy and reviewed the latest advances in personalized immunotherapy to overcome CRC heterogeneity.
format	article
author	Li-Feng Hu Huan-Rong Lan Dong Huang Xue-Min Li Ke-Tao Jin
author_facet	Li-Feng Hu Huan-Rong Lan Dong Huang Xue-Min Li Ke-Tao Jin
author_sort	Li-Feng Hu
title	Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
title_short	Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
title_full	Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
title_fullStr	Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
title_full_unstemmed	Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?
title_sort	personalized immunotherapy in colorectal cancers: where do we stand?
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/651160a5315c4b32923bdb3a175e02ed
work_keys_str_mv	AT lifenghu personalizedimmunotherapyincolorectalcancerswheredowestand AT huanronglan personalizedimmunotherapyincolorectalcancerswheredowestand AT donghuang personalizedimmunotherapyincolorectalcancerswheredowestand AT xueminli personalizedimmunotherapyincolorectalcancerswheredowestand AT ketaojin personalizedimmunotherapyincolorectalcancerswheredowestand
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Personalized Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers: Where Do We Stand?

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