Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures

Dissociated cortical neurons in vitro display spontaneously synchronized, low-frequency firing patterns, which can resemble the slow wave oscillations characterizing sleep in vivo. Experiments in humans, rodents, and cortical slices have shown that awakening or the administration of activating neuro...

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Autores principales:	Ilaria Colombi, Thierry Nieus, Marcello Massimini, Michela Chiappalone
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	in vitro micro-electrode array (MEA) cortical networks complexity perturbational complexity index (PCI) spikes Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65132c0728f045d2aa894a0ab9c02808
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65132c0728f045d2aa894a0ab9c028082021-11-25T16:57:42ZSpontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures10.3390/brainsci111114532076-3425https://doaj.org/article/65132c0728f045d2aa894a0ab9c028082021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/11/1453https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3425Dissociated cortical neurons in vitro display spontaneously synchronized, low-frequency firing patterns, which can resemble the slow wave oscillations characterizing sleep in vivo. Experiments in humans, rodents, and cortical slices have shown that awakening or the administration of activating neuromodulators decrease slow waves, while increasing the spatio-temporal complexity of responses to perturbations. In this study, we attempted to replicate those findings using in vitro cortical cultures coupled with micro-electrode arrays and chemically treated with carbachol (CCh), to modulate sleep-like activity and suppress slow oscillations. We adapted metrics such as neural complexity (NC) and the perturbational complexity index (PCI), typically employed in animal and human brain studies, to quantify complexity in simplified, unstructured networks, both during resting state and in response to electrical stimulation. After CCh administration, we found a decrease in the amplitude of the initial response and a marked enhancement of the complexity during spontaneous activity. Crucially, unlike in cortical slices and intact brains, PCI in cortical cultures displayed only a moderate increase. This dissociation suggests that PCI, a measure of the complexity of causal interactions, requires more than activating neuromodulation and that additional factors, such as an appropriate circuit architecture, may be necessary. Exploring more structured in vitro networks, characterized by the presence of strong lateral connections, recurrent excitation, and feedback loops, may thus help to identify the features that are more relevant to support causal complexity.Ilaria ColombiThierry NieusMarcello MassiminiMichela ChiappaloneMDPI AGarticlein vitromicro-electrode array (MEA)cortical networkscomplexityperturbational complexity index (PCI)spikesNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571ENBrain Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 1453, p 1453 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	in vitro micro-electrode array (MEA) cortical networks complexity perturbational complexity index (PCI) spikes Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571
spellingShingle	in vitro micro-electrode array (MEA) cortical networks complexity perturbational complexity index (PCI) spikes Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Ilaria Colombi Thierry Nieus Marcello Massimini Michela Chiappalone Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
description	Dissociated cortical neurons in vitro display spontaneously synchronized, low-frequency firing patterns, which can resemble the slow wave oscillations characterizing sleep in vivo. Experiments in humans, rodents, and cortical slices have shown that awakening or the administration of activating neuromodulators decrease slow waves, while increasing the spatio-temporal complexity of responses to perturbations. In this study, we attempted to replicate those findings using in vitro cortical cultures coupled with micro-electrode arrays and chemically treated with carbachol (CCh), to modulate sleep-like activity and suppress slow oscillations. We adapted metrics such as neural complexity (NC) and the perturbational complexity index (PCI), typically employed in animal and human brain studies, to quantify complexity in simplified, unstructured networks, both during resting state and in response to electrical stimulation. After CCh administration, we found a decrease in the amplitude of the initial response and a marked enhancement of the complexity during spontaneous activity. Crucially, unlike in cortical slices and intact brains, PCI in cortical cultures displayed only a moderate increase. This dissociation suggests that PCI, a measure of the complexity of causal interactions, requires more than activating neuromodulation and that additional factors, such as an appropriate circuit architecture, may be necessary. Exploring more structured in vitro networks, characterized by the presence of strong lateral connections, recurrent excitation, and feedback loops, may thus help to identify the features that are more relevant to support causal complexity.
format	article
author	Ilaria Colombi Thierry Nieus Marcello Massimini Michela Chiappalone
author_facet	Ilaria Colombi Thierry Nieus Marcello Massimini Michela Chiappalone
author_sort	Ilaria Colombi
title	Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
title_short	Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
title_full	Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
title_fullStr	Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
title_full_unstemmed	Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures
title_sort	spontaneous and perturbational complexity in cortical cultures
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/65132c0728f045d2aa894a0ab9c02808
work_keys_str_mv	AT ilariacolombi spontaneousandperturbationalcomplexityincorticalcultures AT thierrynieus spontaneousandperturbationalcomplexityincorticalcultures AT marcellomassimini spontaneousandperturbationalcomplexityincorticalcultures AT michelachiappalone spontaneousandperturbationalcomplexityincorticalcultures
_version_	1718412839980367872

Spontaneous and Perturbational Complexity in Cortical Cultures

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