RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years

Abstract The complexity of the climate of the past 122;000 years and recent 2000 years was investigated by analyzing the δ 18 O records of ice cores based on the sample entropy (SampEn) method and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity. In using SampEn method, the climate complexity is measured by the sample en...

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Autor principal:	Zhi-Gang Shao
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65417ebbe94d43439855327db2bb466d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65417ebbe94d43439855327db2bb466d2021-12-02T15:05:37ZRETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years10.1038/s41598-017-04584-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/65417ebbe94d43439855327db2bb466d2017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04584-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The complexity of the climate of the past 122;000 years and recent 2000 years was investigated by analyzing the δ 18 O records of ice cores based on the sample entropy (SampEn) method and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity. In using SampEn method, the climate complexity is measured by the sample entropy, which is a modified approximate entropy defined in terms of the occurring probability of new modes in a record. A larger sample entropy reflects a higher probability to spot a new mode in the data, and in this sense signals a larger complexity of the sample. The δ 18 O record of the past 122,000-year is found to have smaller SampEn than the recent 2000-year. This result suggests that the climate of the past 122;000-year has less complexity than that of the recent 2000 years, even though the record for the former exhibits stronger fluctuations and multifractality than the latter. This diagnosis is additionally supported by calculations of LZ complexity, which has smaller value for the record of the past 122;000 years than the recent 2000 years. Our theoretical findings may further contribute to ongoing explorations into the nonlinear statistical character of the climate change.Zhi-Gang ShaoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Zhi-Gang Shao RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
description	Abstract The complexity of the climate of the past 122;000 years and recent 2000 years was investigated by analyzing the δ 18 O records of ice cores based on the sample entropy (SampEn) method and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity. In using SampEn method, the climate complexity is measured by the sample entropy, which is a modified approximate entropy defined in terms of the occurring probability of new modes in a record. A larger sample entropy reflects a higher probability to spot a new mode in the data, and in this sense signals a larger complexity of the sample. The δ 18 O record of the past 122,000-year is found to have smaller SampEn than the recent 2000-year. This result suggests that the climate of the past 122;000-year has less complexity than that of the recent 2000 years, even though the record for the former exhibits stronger fluctuations and multifractality than the latter. This diagnosis is additionally supported by calculations of LZ complexity, which has smaller value for the record of the past 122;000 years than the recent 2000 years. Our theoretical findings may further contribute to ongoing explorations into the nonlinear statistical character of the climate change.
format	article
author	Zhi-Gang Shao
author_facet	Zhi-Gang Shao
author_sort	Zhi-Gang Shao
title	RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
title_short	RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
title_full	RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
title_fullStr	RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
title_full_unstemmed	RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
title_sort	retracted article: contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/65417ebbe94d43439855327db2bb466d
work_keys_str_mv	AT zhigangshao retractedarticlecontrastingthecomplexityoftheclimateofthepast122000yearsandrecent2000years
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Contrasting the complexity of the climate of the past 122,000 years and recent 2000 years

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