In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol...

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Autores principales:	Arumugam Priya, Anthonymuthu Selvaraj, Dass Divya, Ramalingam Karthik Raja, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	dual species thymol anti-infective antivirulence early childhood caries C. albicans Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6554ebdb490e46d4af952dd0f64a7fb6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6554ebdb490e46d4af952dd0f64a7fb62021-11-19T06:34:41ZIn Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.760768https://doaj.org/article/6554ebdb490e46d4af952dd0f64a7fb62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.760768/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol against C. albicans and S. mutans dual species for the management of ECC. Thymol, a plant derivative of the monoterpene group, has been well known for its numerous biological activities. Thymol at 300 μg/ml concentration completely arrested growth and proliferation of dual species of C. albicans and S. mutans. Rapid killing efficacy of pathogens, within a span of 2 min, was observed in the time kill assay. In addition, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, thymol effectively diminished the biofilm formation and virulence of both C. albicans and S. mutans such as yeast-to-hyphal transition, hyphal-to-yeast transition, filamentation, and acidogenicity and acidurity, respectively, in single and dual species state. qPCR analysis was consistent with virulence assays. Also, through the invertebrate model system Galleria mellonella, in vivo toxicity and efficacy of the phytocompound was assessed, and it was found that no significant toxic effect was observed. Moreover, thymol was found to be proficient in diminishing the infection under single and dual state in in vivo condition. Overall, the results from the present study illustrate the anti-infective potential of thymol against the ECC-causing dual species, C. albicans and S. mutans, and the applicability of thymol in medicated dentifrice formulation.Arumugam PriyaAnthonymuthu SelvarajDass DivyaRamalingam Karthik RajaShunmugiah Karutha PandianFrontiers Media S.A.articledual speciesthymolanti-infectiveantivirulenceearly childhood cariesC. albicansTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	dual species thymol anti-infective antivirulence early childhood caries C. albicans Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	dual species thymol anti-infective antivirulence early childhood caries C. albicans Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Arumugam Priya Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Dass Divya Ramalingam Karthik Raja Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
description	Early childhood caries (ECC), a severe form of caries due to cross-kingdom interaction of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans, is a serious childhood dental disease that affects majority of the children with poor background. The present study investigated the anti-infective potential of thymol against C. albicans and S. mutans dual species for the management of ECC. Thymol, a plant derivative of the monoterpene group, has been well known for its numerous biological activities. Thymol at 300 μg/ml concentration completely arrested growth and proliferation of dual species of C. albicans and S. mutans. Rapid killing efficacy of pathogens, within a span of 2 min, was observed in the time kill assay. In addition, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, thymol effectively diminished the biofilm formation and virulence of both C. albicans and S. mutans such as yeast-to-hyphal transition, hyphal-to-yeast transition, filamentation, and acidogenicity and acidurity, respectively, in single and dual species state. qPCR analysis was consistent with virulence assays. Also, through the invertebrate model system Galleria mellonella, in vivo toxicity and efficacy of the phytocompound was assessed, and it was found that no significant toxic effect was observed. Moreover, thymol was found to be proficient in diminishing the infection under single and dual state in in vivo condition. Overall, the results from the present study illustrate the anti-infective potential of thymol against the ECC-causing dual species, C. albicans and S. mutans, and the applicability of thymol in medicated dentifrice formulation.
format	article
author	Arumugam Priya Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Dass Divya Ramalingam Karthik Raja Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
author_facet	Arumugam Priya Anthonymuthu Selvaraj Dass Divya Ramalingam Karthik Raja Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
author_sort	Arumugam Priya
title	In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
title_short	In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
title_full	In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
title_fullStr	In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
title_full_unstemmed	In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
title_sort	in vitro and in vivo anti-infective potential of thymol against early childhood caries causing dual species candida albicans and streptococcus mutans
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6554ebdb490e46d4af952dd0f64a7fb6
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-infective Potential of Thymol Against Early Childhood Caries Causing Dual Species Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans

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