Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents

Richa Singh,1 Laxman Nawale,2 Manisha Arkile,2 Sweety Wadhwani,1 Utkarsha Shedbalkar,1 Snehal Chopade,1 Dhiman Sarkar,2 Balu Ananda Chopade1,3 1Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 2Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune...

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Autores principales:	Singh R, Nawale L, Arkile M, Wadhwani S, Shedbalkar U, Chopade S, Sarkar D, Chopade BA
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	tuberculosis mycobacteria antimycobacterial agent nanoparticles drug-resistance cytotoxicity Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65840a6c84e849089a2a364bf4190cf3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65840a6c84e849089a2a364bf4190cf32021-12-02T05:03:00ZPhytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents1178-2013https://doaj.org/article/65840a6c84e849089a2a364bf4190cf32016-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/phytogenic-silver-gold-and-bimetallic-nanoparticles-as-novel-antituber-peer-reviewed-article-IJNhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-2013Richa Singh,1 Laxman Nawale,2 Manisha Arkile,2 Sweety Wadhwani,1 Utkarsha Shedbalkar,1 Snehal Chopade,1 Dhiman Sarkar,2 Balu Ananda Chopade1,3 1Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 2Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 3Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Purpose: Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to human health. It requires immediate action to seek new antitubercular compounds and devise alternate strategies. Nanomaterials, in the present scenario, have opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutics. In view of this, the current study aims to determine the efficacy of phytogenic metal nanoparticles to inhibit mycobacteria. Methods: Silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and gold–silver bimetallic (Au–AgNPs) nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants, such as Barleria prionitis, Plumbago zeylanica, and Syzygium cumini, were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays were designed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half maximal inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles. Microscopic analyses were carried out to demonstrate intracellular uptake of nanoparticles in macrophages. Besides this, biocompatibility, specificity, and selectivity of nanoparticles were also established with respect to human cell lines. Results: Au–AgNPs exhibited highest antitubercular activity, with MIC of <2.56 µg/mL, followed by AgNPs. AuNPs did not show such activity at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays revealed the inhibition of both active and dormant stage mycobacteria on exposure to Au–AgNPs. These nanoparticles were capable of entering macrophage cells and exhibited up to 45% cytotoxicity at 30 µg/mL (ten times MIC concentration) after 48 hours. Among these, Au–AgNPs synthesized from S. cumini were found to be more specific toward mycobacteria, with their selectivity index in the range of 94–108. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the antimycobacterial activity of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Au–AgNPs synthesized from medicinal plants. Among these, Au–AgNPs from S. cumini showed profound efficiency, specificity, and selectivity to kill mycobacteria. These should be investigated further to develop novel TB nanoantibiotics. Keywords: tuberculosis, mycobacteria, antimycobacterial agent, nanoparticles, drug resistance, cytotoxicitySingh RNawale LArkile MWadhwani SShedbalkar UChopade SSarkar DChopade BADove Medical Pressarticletuberculosismycobacteriaantimycobacterial agentnanoparticlesdrug-resistancecytotoxicityMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of Nanomedicine, Vol 2016, Iss default, Pp 1889-1897 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	tuberculosis mycobacteria antimycobacterial agent nanoparticles drug-resistance cytotoxicity Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	tuberculosis mycobacteria antimycobacterial agent nanoparticles drug-resistance cytotoxicity Medicine (General) R5-920 Singh R Nawale L Arkile M Wadhwani S Shedbalkar U Chopade S Sarkar D Chopade BA Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
description	Richa Singh,1 Laxman Nawale,2 Manisha Arkile,2 Sweety Wadhwani,1 Utkarsha Shedbalkar,1 Snehal Chopade,1 Dhiman Sarkar,2 Balu Ananda Chopade1,3 1Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, 2Combichem-Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 3Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India Purpose: Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to human health. It requires immediate action to seek new antitubercular compounds and devise alternate strategies. Nanomaterials, in the present scenario, have opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutics. In view of this, the current study aims to determine the efficacy of phytogenic metal nanoparticles to inhibit mycobacteria. Methods: Silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and gold–silver bimetallic (Au–AgNPs) nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants, such as Barleria prionitis, Plumbago zeylanica, and Syzygium cumini, were tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays were designed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half maximal inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles. Microscopic analyses were carried out to demonstrate intracellular uptake of nanoparticles in macrophages. Besides this, biocompatibility, specificity, and selectivity of nanoparticles were also established with respect to human cell lines. Results: Au–AgNPs exhibited highest antitubercular activity, with MIC of <2.56 µg/mL, followed by AgNPs. AuNPs did not show such activity at concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. In vitro and ex vivo macrophage infection model assays revealed the inhibition of both active and dormant stage mycobacteria on exposure to Au–AgNPs. These nanoparticles were capable of entering macrophage cells and exhibited up to 45% cytotoxicity at 30 µg/mL (ten times MIC concentration) after 48 hours. Among these, Au–AgNPs synthesized from S. cumini were found to be more specific toward mycobacteria, with their selectivity index in the range of 94–108. Conclusion: This is the first study to report the antimycobacterial activity of AuNPs, AgNPs, and Au–AgNPs synthesized from medicinal plants. Among these, Au–AgNPs from S. cumini showed profound efficiency, specificity, and selectivity to kill mycobacteria. These should be investigated further to develop novel TB nanoantibiotics. Keywords: tuberculosis, mycobacteria, antimycobacterial agent, nanoparticles, drug resistance, cytotoxicity
format	article
author	Singh R Nawale L Arkile M Wadhwani S Shedbalkar U Chopade S Sarkar D Chopade BA
author_facet	Singh R Nawale L Arkile M Wadhwani S Shedbalkar U Chopade S Sarkar D Chopade BA
author_sort	Singh R
title	Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
title_short	Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
title_full	Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
title_fullStr	Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
title_full_unstemmed	Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
title_sort	phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/65840a6c84e849089a2a364bf4190cf3
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Phytogenic silver, gold, and bimetallic nanoparticles as novel antitubercular agents

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