Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies

András Horváth,1,2 Anikó Papp,1 Anna Szűcs,1 1Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 2János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary A...

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Autores principales:	Horváth A, Papp A, Szűcs A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:	sleep disorders arousal disorders NREM parasomnia sleep walking sleep terror Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/658d3f50ed5b41628f8ffc398a65b575
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:658d3f50ed5b41628f8ffc398a65b5752021-12-02T01:58:03ZProgress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies1179-1608https://doaj.org/article/658d3f50ed5b41628f8ffc398a65b5752016-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/progress-in-elucidating-the-pathophysiological-basis-of-nonrapid-eye-m-peer-reviewed-article-NSShttps://doaj.org/toc/1179-1608András Horváth,1,2 Anikó Papp,1 Anna Szűcs,1 1Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 2János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary Abstract: Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) or arousal parasomnias are prevalent conditions in children and young adults, apparently provoked by any medical, physical, mental, or pharmacologic/toxic agent disturbing normal biorhythm and causing sleep fragmentation or abundant amount of slow wave sleep. The nadir and the ascending slope of the first sleep cycle of night sleep are the typical periods when NREM parasomnias, especially sleepwalking may occur on sleep-microstructural level; microarousals are the typical moments allowing NREM parasomnias. While sleep-disturbing factors have a clear precipitating effect, a genetic predisposition appears necessary in most cases. A candidate gene for sleepwalking has been identified on chromosome 20q12-q13.12 in one sleepwalking family. NREM parasomnias have a genetic and clinical link with nocturnal-frontal lobe epilepsies; possibly through an abnormality of the acetylcholine-related sleep-control system. The association of NREM parasomnias with the human leukocyte antigen system might be the sign of an autoimmune background to be further clarified. In the treatment of arousal parasomnias, the main tools are adequate sleep hygiene and the management of underlying conditions. Their pharmacotherapy has remained unresolved; the best options are clonazepam and some of the antidepressants, while a psychotherapy approach is also justified. Keywords: sleep disorders, arousal disorders, NREM parasomnia, sleepwalking, sleep terrorHorváth APapp ASzűcs ADove Medical Pressarticlesleep disordersarousal disordersNREM parasomniasleep walkingsleep terrorPsychiatryRC435-571Neurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENNature and Science of Sleep, Vol 2016, Iss Issue 1, Pp 73-79 (2016)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sleep disorders arousal disorders NREM parasomnia sleep walking sleep terror Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	sleep disorders arousal disorders NREM parasomnia sleep walking sleep terror Psychiatry RC435-571 Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Horváth A Papp A Szűcs A Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
description	András Horváth,1,2 Anikó Papp,1 Anna Szűcs,1 1Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, 2János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary Abstract: Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) or arousal parasomnias are prevalent conditions in children and young adults, apparently provoked by any medical, physical, mental, or pharmacologic/toxic agent disturbing normal biorhythm and causing sleep fragmentation or abundant amount of slow wave sleep. The nadir and the ascending slope of the first sleep cycle of night sleep are the typical periods when NREM parasomnias, especially sleepwalking may occur on sleep-microstructural level; microarousals are the typical moments allowing NREM parasomnias. While sleep-disturbing factors have a clear precipitating effect, a genetic predisposition appears necessary in most cases. A candidate gene for sleepwalking has been identified on chromosome 20q12-q13.12 in one sleepwalking family. NREM parasomnias have a genetic and clinical link with nocturnal-frontal lobe epilepsies; possibly through an abnormality of the acetylcholine-related sleep-control system. The association of NREM parasomnias with the human leukocyte antigen system might be the sign of an autoimmune background to be further clarified. In the treatment of arousal parasomnias, the main tools are adequate sleep hygiene and the management of underlying conditions. Their pharmacotherapy has remained unresolved; the best options are clonazepam and some of the antidepressants, while a psychotherapy approach is also justified. Keywords: sleep disorders, arousal disorders, NREM parasomnia, sleepwalking, sleep terror
format	article
author	Horváth A Papp A Szűcs A
author_facet	Horváth A Papp A Szűcs A
author_sort	Horváth A
title	Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
title_short	Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
title_full	Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
title_fullStr	Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
title_full_unstemmed	Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
title_sort	progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2016
url	https://doaj.org/article/658d3f50ed5b41628f8ffc398a65b575
work_keys_str_mv	AT horvaacutetha progressinelucidatingthepathophysiologicalbasisofnonrapideyemovementparasomniasnotyetinformingtherapeuticstrategies AT pappa progressinelucidatingthepathophysiologicalbasisofnonrapideyemovementparasomniasnotyetinformingtherapeuticstrategies AT szucsa progressinelucidatingthepathophysiologicalbasisofnonrapideyemovementparasomniasnotyetinformingtherapeuticstrategies
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Progress in elucidating the pathophysiological basis of nonrapid eye movement parasomnias: not yet informing therapeutic strategies

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