Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise

Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of...

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Autores principales:	Anand Thirupathi, Yaodong Gu, Ricardo Aurino Pinho
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	physical exercise redox balance oxidative stress immune system reactive oxygen species Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65aa518b671447d78625c076d41c23ba
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65aa518b671447d78625c076d41c23ba2021-11-25T16:29:46ZExercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise10.3390/antiox101118462076-3921https://doaj.org/article/65aa518b671447d78625c076d41c23ba2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1846https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.Anand ThirupathiYaodong GuRicardo Aurino PinhoMDPI AGarticlephysical exerciseredox balanceoxidative stressimmune systemreactive oxygen speciesTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1846, p 1846 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	physical exercise redox balance oxidative stress immune system reactive oxygen species Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	physical exercise redox balance oxidative stress immune system reactive oxygen species Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Anand Thirupathi Yaodong Gu Ricardo Aurino Pinho Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
description	Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.
format	article
author	Anand Thirupathi Yaodong Gu Ricardo Aurino Pinho
author_facet	Anand Thirupathi Yaodong Gu Ricardo Aurino Pinho
author_sort	Anand Thirupathi
title	Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
title_short	Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
title_full	Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
title_fullStr	Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
title_full_unstemmed	Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise
title_sort	exercise cuts both ways with ros in remodifying innate and adaptive responses: rewiring the redox mechanism of the immune system during exercise
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/65aa518b671447d78625c076d41c23ba
work_keys_str_mv	AT anandthirupathi exercisecutsbothwayswithrosinremodifyinginnateandadaptiveresponsesrewiringtheredoxmechanismoftheimmunesystemduringexercise AT yaodonggu exercisecutsbothwayswithrosinremodifyinginnateandadaptiveresponsesrewiringtheredoxmechanismoftheimmunesystemduringexercise AT ricardoaurinopinho exercisecutsbothwayswithrosinremodifyinginnateandadaptiveresponsesrewiringtheredoxmechanismoftheimmunesystemduringexercise
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Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise

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