Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.

<h4>Background</h4>A long-standing conventional view of radiation-induced apoptosis is that increased exposure results in augmented apoptosis in a biological system, with a threshold below which radiation doses do not cause any significant increase in cell death. The consequences of this...

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Autores principales:	JiaJia Dong, Sean P Mury, Karen E Drahos, Marko Moscovitch, Royce K P Zia, Carla V Finkielstein
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65c0b79e93eb4e78ac0028bc6932127a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65c0b79e93eb4e78ac0028bc6932127a2021-11-25T06:26:14ZShorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0008970https://doaj.org/article/65c0b79e93eb4e78ac0028bc6932127a2010-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20126466/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>A long-standing conventional view of radiation-induced apoptosis is that increased exposure results in augmented apoptosis in a biological system, with a threshold below which radiation doses do not cause any significant increase in cell death. The consequences of this belief impact the extent to which malignant diseases and non-malignant conditions are therapeutically treated and how radiation is used in combination with other therapies. Our research challenges the current dogma of dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and establishes a new parallel paradigm to the photoelectric effect in biological systems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We explored how the energy of individual X-ray photons and exposure time, both factors that determine the total dose, influence the occurrence of cell death in early Xenopus embryo. Three different experimental scenarios were analyzed and morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis were evaluated. Initially, we examined cell death events in embryos exposed to increasing incident energies when the exposure time was preset. Then, we evaluated the embryo's response when the exposure time was augmented while the energy value remained constant. Lastly, we studied the incidence of apoptosis in embryos exposed to an equal total dose of radiation that resulted from increasing the incoming energy while lowering the exposure time.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Overall, our data establish that the energy of the incident photon is a major contributor to the outcome of the biological system. In particular, for embryos exposed under identical conditions and delivered the same absorbed dose of radiation, the response is significantly increased when shorter bursts of more energetic photons are used. These results suggest that biological organisms display properties similar to the photoelectric effect in physical systems and provide new insights into how radiation-mediated apoptosis should be understood and utilized for therapeutic purposes.JiaJia DongSean P MuryKaren E DrahosMarko MoscovitchRoyce K P ZiaCarla V FinkielsteinPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 1, p e8970 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q JiaJia Dong Sean P Mury Karen E Drahos Marko Moscovitch Royce K P Zia Carla V Finkielstein Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
description	<h4>Background</h4>A long-standing conventional view of radiation-induced apoptosis is that increased exposure results in augmented apoptosis in a biological system, with a threshold below which radiation doses do not cause any significant increase in cell death. The consequences of this belief impact the extent to which malignant diseases and non-malignant conditions are therapeutically treated and how radiation is used in combination with other therapies. Our research challenges the current dogma of dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and establishes a new parallel paradigm to the photoelectric effect in biological systems.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We explored how the energy of individual X-ray photons and exposure time, both factors that determine the total dose, influence the occurrence of cell death in early Xenopus embryo. Three different experimental scenarios were analyzed and morphological and biochemical hallmarks of apoptosis were evaluated. Initially, we examined cell death events in embryos exposed to increasing incident energies when the exposure time was preset. Then, we evaluated the embryo's response when the exposure time was augmented while the energy value remained constant. Lastly, we studied the incidence of apoptosis in embryos exposed to an equal total dose of radiation that resulted from increasing the incoming energy while lowering the exposure time.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>Overall, our data establish that the energy of the incident photon is a major contributor to the outcome of the biological system. In particular, for embryos exposed under identical conditions and delivered the same absorbed dose of radiation, the response is significantly increased when shorter bursts of more energetic photons are used. These results suggest that biological organisms display properties similar to the photoelectric effect in physical systems and provide new insights into how radiation-mediated apoptosis should be understood and utilized for therapeutic purposes.
format	article
author	JiaJia Dong Sean P Mury Karen E Drahos Marko Moscovitch Royce K P Zia Carla V Finkielstein
author_facet	JiaJia Dong Sean P Mury Karen E Drahos Marko Moscovitch Royce K P Zia Carla V Finkielstein
author_sort	JiaJia Dong
title	Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
title_short	Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
title_full	Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
title_fullStr	Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
title_full_unstemmed	Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.
title_sort	shorter exposures to harder x-rays trigger early apoptotic events in xenopus laevis embryos.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/65c0b79e93eb4e78ac0028bc6932127a
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_version_	1718413747990560768

Shorter exposures to harder X-rays trigger early apoptotic events in Xenopus laevis embryos.

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