Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.

<h4>Background</h4>Through adaptation, animals can function visually under an extremely broad range of light intensities. Light adaptation starts in the retina, through shifts in photoreceptor sensitivity and kinetics plus modulation of visual processing in retinal circuits. Although con...

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Autores principales:	Qing Shi, William K Stell
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/65c5fd898cc5484fb53d7dc170c9c40e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:65c5fd898cc5484fb53d7dc170c9c40e2021-11-18T08:53:10ZDie Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0075375https://doaj.org/article/65c5fd898cc5484fb53d7dc170c9c40e2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24098693/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Through adaptation, animals can function visually under an extremely broad range of light intensities. Light adaptation starts in the retina, through shifts in photoreceptor sensitivity and kinetics plus modulation of visual processing in retinal circuits. Although considerable research has been conducted on retinal adaptation in nocturnal species with rod-dominated retinas, such as the mouse, little is known about how cone-dominated avian retinas adapt to changes in mean light intensity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used the optokinetic response to characterize contrast sensitivity (CS) in the chick retina as a function of spatial frequency and temporal frequency at different mean light intensities. We found that: 1) daytime, cone-driven CS was tuned to spatial frequency; 2) nighttime, presumably rod-driven CS was tuned to temporal frequency and spatial frequency; 3) daytime, presumably cone-driven CS at threshold intensity was invariant with temporal and spatial frequency; and 4) daytime photopic CS was invariant with clock time.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Light- and dark-adaptational changes in CS were investigated comprehensively for the first time in the cone-dominated retina of an avian, diurnal species. The chick retina, like the mouse retina, adapts by using a "day/night" or "cone/rod" switch in tuning preference during changes in lighting conditions. The chick optokinetic response is an attractive model for noninvasive, behavioral studies of adaptation in retinal circuitry in health and disease.Qing ShiWilliam K StellPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 9, p e75375 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Qing Shi William K Stell Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Through adaptation, animals can function visually under an extremely broad range of light intensities. Light adaptation starts in the retina, through shifts in photoreceptor sensitivity and kinetics plus modulation of visual processing in retinal circuits. Although considerable research has been conducted on retinal adaptation in nocturnal species with rod-dominated retinas, such as the mouse, little is known about how cone-dominated avian retinas adapt to changes in mean light intensity.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used the optokinetic response to characterize contrast sensitivity (CS) in the chick retina as a function of spatial frequency and temporal frequency at different mean light intensities. We found that: 1) daytime, cone-driven CS was tuned to spatial frequency; 2) nighttime, presumably rod-driven CS was tuned to temporal frequency and spatial frequency; 3) daytime, presumably cone-driven CS at threshold intensity was invariant with temporal and spatial frequency; and 4) daytime photopic CS was invariant with clock time.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Light- and dark-adaptational changes in CS were investigated comprehensively for the first time in the cone-dominated retina of an avian, diurnal species. The chick retina, like the mouse retina, adapts by using a "day/night" or "cone/rod" switch in tuning preference during changes in lighting conditions. The chick optokinetic response is an attractive model for noninvasive, behavioral studies of adaptation in retinal circuitry in health and disease.
format	article
author	Qing Shi William K Stell
author_facet	Qing Shi William K Stell
author_sort	Qing Shi
title	Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
title_short	Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
title_full	Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
title_fullStr	Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
title_full_unstemmed	Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
title_sort	die fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/65c5fd898cc5484fb53d7dc170c9c40e
work_keys_str_mv	AT qingshi diefledermausregardingoptokineticcontrastsensitivityandlightadaptationchicksaremicewithwings AT williamkstell diefledermausregardingoptokineticcontrastsensitivityandlightadaptationchicksaremicewithwings
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Die Fledermaus: regarding optokinetic contrast sensitivity and light-adaptation, chicks are mice with wings.

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