Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic reso...
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2017
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oai:doaj.org-article:65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db2021-12-02T11:53:10ZGenerally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells10.1038/s41598-017-06180-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06180-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure.Simon R. HemelaarKiran J. van der LaanSophie R. HinterdingManon V. KootElse EllermannFelipe P. Perona-MartinezDavid RoigSeverin HommeletDaniele NovarinaHiroki TakahashiMichael ChangRomana SchirhaglNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017) |
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Medicine R Science Q Simon R. Hemelaar Kiran J. van der Laan Sophie R. Hinterding Manon V. Koot Else Ellermann Felipe P. Perona-Martinez David Roig Severin Hommelet Daniele Novarina Hiroki Takahashi Michael Chang Romana Schirhagl Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
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Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure. |
format |
article |
author |
Simon R. Hemelaar Kiran J. van der Laan Sophie R. Hinterding Manon V. Koot Else Ellermann Felipe P. Perona-Martinez David Roig Severin Hommelet Daniele Novarina Hiroki Takahashi Michael Chang Romana Schirhagl |
author_facet |
Simon R. Hemelaar Kiran J. van der Laan Sophie R. Hinterding Manon V. Koot Else Ellermann Felipe P. Perona-Martinez David Roig Severin Hommelet Daniele Novarina Hiroki Takahashi Michael Chang Romana Schirhagl |
author_sort |
Simon R. Hemelaar |
title |
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
title_short |
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
title_full |
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
title_fullStr |
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
title_full_unstemmed |
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells |
title_sort |
generally applicable transformation protocols for fluorescent nanodiamond internalization into cells |
publisher |
Nature Portfolio |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db |
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