Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells

Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic reso...

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Autores principales: Simon R. Hemelaar, Kiran J. van der Laan, Sophie R. Hinterding, Manon V. Koot, Else Ellermann, Felipe P. Perona-Martinez, David Roig, Severin Hommelet, Daniele Novarina, Hiroki Takahashi, Michael Chang, Romana Schirhagl
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Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2017
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db2021-12-02T11:53:10ZGenerally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells10.1038/s41598-017-06180-52045-2322https://doaj.org/article/65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db2017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06180-5https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure.Simon R. HemelaarKiran J. van der LaanSophie R. HinterdingManon V. KootElse EllermannFelipe P. Perona-MartinezDavid RoigSeverin HommeletDaniele NovarinaHiroki TakahashiMichael ChangRomana SchirhaglNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Simon R. Hemelaar
Kiran J. van der Laan
Sophie R. Hinterding
Manon V. Koot
Else Ellermann
Felipe P. Perona-Martinez
David Roig
Severin Hommelet
Daniele Novarina
Hiroki Takahashi
Michael Chang
Romana Schirhagl
Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
description Abstract Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising nanoprobes, owing to their stable and magnetosensitive fluorescence. Therefore they can probe properties as magnetic resonances, pressure, temperature or strain. The unprecedented sensitivity of diamond defects can detect the faint magnetic resonance of a single electron or even a few nuclear spins. However, these sensitivities are only achieved if the diamond probe is close to the molecules that need to be detected. In order to utilize its full potential for biological applications, the diamond particle has to enter the cell. Some model systems, like HeLa cells, readily ingest particles. However, most cells do not show this behavior. In this article we show for the first time generally applicable methods, which are able to transport fluorescent nanodiamonds into cells with a thick cell wall. Yeast cells, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are a favored model organism to study intracellular processes including aging on a cellular level. In order to introduce FNDs in these cells, we evaluated electrical transformation and conditions of chemical permeabilization for uptake efficiency and viability. 5% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) in combination with optimized chemical transformation mix leads to high uptake efficiency in combination with low impact on cell biology. We have evaluated all steps in the procedure.
format article
author Simon R. Hemelaar
Kiran J. van der Laan
Sophie R. Hinterding
Manon V. Koot
Else Ellermann
Felipe P. Perona-Martinez
David Roig
Severin Hommelet
Daniele Novarina
Hiroki Takahashi
Michael Chang
Romana Schirhagl
author_facet Simon R. Hemelaar
Kiran J. van der Laan
Sophie R. Hinterding
Manon V. Koot
Else Ellermann
Felipe P. Perona-Martinez
David Roig
Severin Hommelet
Daniele Novarina
Hiroki Takahashi
Michael Chang
Romana Schirhagl
author_sort Simon R. Hemelaar
title Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
title_short Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
title_full Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
title_fullStr Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
title_full_unstemmed Generally Applicable Transformation Protocols for Fluorescent Nanodiamond Internalization into Cells
title_sort generally applicable transformation protocols for fluorescent nanodiamond internalization into cells
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2017
url https://doaj.org/article/65fb70e9334f4edfbb9c390f9d3a23db
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