Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.

Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are ubiquitous posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Using the model plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), we investigated the highly expressed and conserved sRNA sX13 in detail. Deletion of sX13 impinged on Xcv virulence a...

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Autores principales:	Cornelius Schmidtke, Ulrike Abendroth, Juliane Brock, Javier Serrania, Anke Becker, Ulla Bonas
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6605edd9958c4ee2b5509e7135c35485
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6605edd9958c4ee2b5509e7135c354852021-11-18T06:07:39ZSmall RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1003626https://doaj.org/article/6605edd9958c4ee2b5509e7135c354852013-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24068933/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are ubiquitous posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Using the model plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), we investigated the highly expressed and conserved sRNA sX13 in detail. Deletion of sX13 impinged on Xcv virulence and the expression of genes encoding components and substrates of the Hrp type III secretion (T3S) system. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that sX13 promotes mRNA accumulation of HrpX, a key regulator of the T3S system, whereas the mRNA level of the master regulator HrpG was unaffected. Complementation studies suggest that sX13 acts upstream of HrpG. Microarray analyses identified 63 sX13-regulated genes, which are involved in signal transduction, motility, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and virulence. Structure analyses of in vitro transcribed sX13 revealed a structure with three stable stems and three apical C-rich loops. A computational search for putative regulatory motifs revealed that sX13-repressed mRNAs predominantly harbor G-rich motifs in proximity of translation start sites. Mutation of sX13 loops differentially affected Xcv virulence and the mRNA abundance of putative targets. Using a GFP-based reporter system, we demonstrated that sX13-mediated repression of protein synthesis requires both the C-rich motifs in sX13 and G-rich motifs in potential target mRNAs. Although the RNA-binding protein Hfq was dispensable for sX13 activity, the hfq mRNA and Hfq::GFP abundance were negatively regulated by sX13. In addition, we found that G-rich motifs in sX13-repressed mRNAs can serve as translational enhancers and are located at the ribosome-binding site in 5% of all protein-coding Xcv genes. Our study revealed that sX13 represents a novel class of virulence regulators and provides insights into sRNA-mediated modulation of adaptive processes in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.Cornelius SchmidtkeUlrike AbendrothJuliane BrockJavier SerraniaAnke BeckerUlla BonasPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 9, p e1003626 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Cornelius Schmidtke Ulrike Abendroth Juliane Brock Javier Serrania Anke Becker Ulla Bonas Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
description	Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) are ubiquitous posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Using the model plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), we investigated the highly expressed and conserved sRNA sX13 in detail. Deletion of sX13 impinged on Xcv virulence and the expression of genes encoding components and substrates of the Hrp type III secretion (T3S) system. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that sX13 promotes mRNA accumulation of HrpX, a key regulator of the T3S system, whereas the mRNA level of the master regulator HrpG was unaffected. Complementation studies suggest that sX13 acts upstream of HrpG. Microarray analyses identified 63 sX13-regulated genes, which are involved in signal transduction, motility, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation and virulence. Structure analyses of in vitro transcribed sX13 revealed a structure with three stable stems and three apical C-rich loops. A computational search for putative regulatory motifs revealed that sX13-repressed mRNAs predominantly harbor G-rich motifs in proximity of translation start sites. Mutation of sX13 loops differentially affected Xcv virulence and the mRNA abundance of putative targets. Using a GFP-based reporter system, we demonstrated that sX13-mediated repression of protein synthesis requires both the C-rich motifs in sX13 and G-rich motifs in potential target mRNAs. Although the RNA-binding protein Hfq was dispensable for sX13 activity, the hfq mRNA and Hfq::GFP abundance were negatively regulated by sX13. In addition, we found that G-rich motifs in sX13-repressed mRNAs can serve as translational enhancers and are located at the ribosome-binding site in 5% of all protein-coding Xcv genes. Our study revealed that sX13 represents a novel class of virulence regulators and provides insights into sRNA-mediated modulation of adaptive processes in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
format	article
author	Cornelius Schmidtke Ulrike Abendroth Juliane Brock Javier Serrania Anke Becker Ulla Bonas
author_facet	Cornelius Schmidtke Ulrike Abendroth Juliane Brock Javier Serrania Anke Becker Ulla Bonas
author_sort	Cornelius Schmidtke
title	Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
title_short	Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
title_full	Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
title_fullStr	Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
title_full_unstemmed	Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.
title_sort	small rna sx13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen xanthomonas.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/6605edd9958c4ee2b5509e7135c35485
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Small RNA sX13: a multifaceted regulator of virulence in the plant pathogen Xanthomonas.

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