Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line

RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral immunity is believed to be the primary defense against viral infection in mosquitoes. The production of virus-specific small RNA has been demonstrated in mosquitoes and mosquito-derived cell lines for viruses in all of the major arbovirus families. However,...

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Autores principales:	Pontus Öhlund, Juliette Hayer, Jenny C. Hesson, Anne-Lie Blomström
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	insect-specific flaviviruses Hanko virus Lammi virus small interfering RNA Piwi-interacting RNA Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6629b5758f4b4eaeb4d1174fcfbc2207
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6629b5758f4b4eaeb4d1174fcfbc22072021-11-25T19:13:08ZSmall RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line10.3390/v131121811999-4915https://doaj.org/article/6629b5758f4b4eaeb4d1174fcfbc22072021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2181https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral immunity is believed to be the primary defense against viral infection in mosquitoes. The production of virus-specific small RNA has been demonstrated in mosquitoes and mosquito-derived cell lines for viruses in all of the major arbovirus families. However, many if not all mosquitoes are infected with a group of viruses known as insect-specific viruses (ISVs), and little is known about the mosquito immune response to this group of viruses. Therefore, in this study, we sequenced small RNA from an <i>Aedes albopictus</i>-derived cell line infected with either Lammi virus (LamV) or Hanko virus (HakV). These viruses belong to two distinct phylogenetic groups of insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs). The results revealed that both viruses elicited a strong virus-derived small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) response that increased over time and that targeted the whole viral genome, with a few predominant hotspots observed. Furthermore, only the LamV-infected cells produced virus-derived Piwi-like RNAs (vpiRNAs); however, they were mainly derived from the antisense genome and did not show the typical ping-pong signatures. HakV, which is more distantly related to the dual-host flaviviruses than LamV, may lack certain unknown sequence elements or structures required for vpiRNA production. Our findings increase the understanding of mosquito innate immunity and ISFVs’ effects on their host.Pontus ÖhlundJuliette HayerJenny C. HessonAnne-Lie BlomströmMDPI AGarticleinsect-specific flavivirusesHanko virusLammi virussmall interfering RNAPiwi-interacting RNAMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2181, p 2181 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	insect-specific flaviviruses Hanko virus Lammi virus small interfering RNA Piwi-interacting RNA Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	insect-specific flaviviruses Hanko virus Lammi virus small interfering RNA Piwi-interacting RNA Microbiology QR1-502 Pontus Öhlund Juliette Hayer Jenny C. Hesson Anne-Lie Blomström Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
description	RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral immunity is believed to be the primary defense against viral infection in mosquitoes. The production of virus-specific small RNA has been demonstrated in mosquitoes and mosquito-derived cell lines for viruses in all of the major arbovirus families. However, many if not all mosquitoes are infected with a group of viruses known as insect-specific viruses (ISVs), and little is known about the mosquito immune response to this group of viruses. Therefore, in this study, we sequenced small RNA from an <i>Aedes albopictus</i>-derived cell line infected with either Lammi virus (LamV) or Hanko virus (HakV). These viruses belong to two distinct phylogenetic groups of insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs). The results revealed that both viruses elicited a strong virus-derived small interfering RNA (vsiRNA) response that increased over time and that targeted the whole viral genome, with a few predominant hotspots observed. Furthermore, only the LamV-infected cells produced virus-derived Piwi-like RNAs (vpiRNAs); however, they were mainly derived from the antisense genome and did not show the typical ping-pong signatures. HakV, which is more distantly related to the dual-host flaviviruses than LamV, may lack certain unknown sequence elements or structures required for vpiRNA production. Our findings increase the understanding of mosquito innate immunity and ISFVs’ effects on their host.
format	article
author	Pontus Öhlund Juliette Hayer Jenny C. Hesson Anne-Lie Blomström
author_facet	Pontus Öhlund Juliette Hayer Jenny C. Hesson Anne-Lie Blomström
author_sort	Pontus Öhlund
title	Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
title_short	Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
title_full	Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
title_fullStr	Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
title_full_unstemmed	Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line
title_sort	small rna response to infection of the insect-specific lammi virus and hanko virus in an <i>aedes albopictus</i> cell line
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6629b5758f4b4eaeb4d1174fcfbc2207
work_keys_str_mv	AT pontusohlund smallrnaresponsetoinfectionoftheinsectspecificlammivirusandhankovirusinaniaedesalbopictusicellline AT juliettehayer smallrnaresponsetoinfectionoftheinsectspecificlammivirusandhankovirusinaniaedesalbopictusicellline AT jennychesson smallrnaresponsetoinfectionoftheinsectspecificlammivirusandhankovirusinaniaedesalbopictusicellline AT annelieblomstrom smallrnaresponsetoinfectionoftheinsectspecificlammivirusandhankovirusinaniaedesalbopictusicellline
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Small RNA Response to Infection of the Insect-Specific Lammi Virus and Hanko Virus in an <i>Aedes albopictus</i> Cell Line

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