Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface

Abstract The enthesis allows the insertion of tendon into bone thanks to several remarkable strategies. This complex and clinically relevant location often features a thin layer of fibrocartilage sandwiched between tendon and bone to cope with a highly heterogeneous mechanical environment. The main...

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Autores principales:	Alexandra Tits, Erwan Plougonven, Stéphane Blouin, Markus A. Hartmann, Jean-François Kaux, Pierre Drion, Justin Fernandez, G. Harry van Lenthe, Davide Ruffoni
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6644b3e664df4f29af5264f6ad7e9385
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6644b3e664df4f29af5264f6ad7e93852021-12-02T16:46:34ZLocal anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface10.1038/s41598-021-95917-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6644b3e664df4f29af5264f6ad7e93852021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95917-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The enthesis allows the insertion of tendon into bone thanks to several remarkable strategies. This complex and clinically relevant location often features a thin layer of fibrocartilage sandwiched between tendon and bone to cope with a highly heterogeneous mechanical environment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether mineralized fibrocartilage and bone close to the enthesis show distinctive three-dimensional microstructural features, possibly to enable load transfer from tendon to bone. As a model, the Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone system of adult rats was investigated with histology, backscattered electron imaging and micro-computed tomography. The microstructural porosity of bone and mineralized fibrocartilage in different locations including enthesis fibrocartilage, periosteal fibrocartilage and bone away from the enthesis was characterized. We showed that calcaneus bone presents a dedicated protrusion of low porosity where the tendon inserts. A spatially resolved analysis of the trabecular network suggests that such protrusion may promote force flow from the tendon to the plantar ligament, while partially relieving the trabecular bone from such a task. Focusing on the tuberosity, highly specific microstructural aspects were highlighted. Firstly, the interface between mineralized and unmineralized fibrocartilage showed the highest roughness at the tuberosity, possibly to increase failure resistance of a region carrying large stresses. Secondly, fibrochondrocyte lacunae inside mineralized fibrocartilage, in analogy with osteocyte lacunae in bone, had a predominant alignment at the enthesis and a rather random organization away from it. Finally, the network of subchondral channels inside the tuberosity was highly anisotropic when compared to contiguous regions. This dual anisotropy of subchondral channels and cell lacunae at the insertion may reflect the alignment of the underlying collagen network. Our findings suggest that the microstructure of fibrocartilage may be linked with the loading environment. Future studies should characterize those microstructural aspects in aged and or diseased conditions to elucidate the poorly understood role of bone and fibrocartilage in enthesis-related pathologies.Alexandra TitsErwan PlougonvenStéphane BlouinMarkus A. HartmannJean-François KauxPierre DrionJustin FernandezG. Harry van LentheDavide RuffoniNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alexandra Tits Erwan Plougonven Stéphane Blouin Markus A. Hartmann Jean-François Kaux Pierre Drion Justin Fernandez G. Harry van Lenthe Davide Ruffoni Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
description	Abstract The enthesis allows the insertion of tendon into bone thanks to several remarkable strategies. This complex and clinically relevant location often features a thin layer of fibrocartilage sandwiched between tendon and bone to cope with a highly heterogeneous mechanical environment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether mineralized fibrocartilage and bone close to the enthesis show distinctive three-dimensional microstructural features, possibly to enable load transfer from tendon to bone. As a model, the Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone system of adult rats was investigated with histology, backscattered electron imaging and micro-computed tomography. The microstructural porosity of bone and mineralized fibrocartilage in different locations including enthesis fibrocartilage, periosteal fibrocartilage and bone away from the enthesis was characterized. We showed that calcaneus bone presents a dedicated protrusion of low porosity where the tendon inserts. A spatially resolved analysis of the trabecular network suggests that such protrusion may promote force flow from the tendon to the plantar ligament, while partially relieving the trabecular bone from such a task. Focusing on the tuberosity, highly specific microstructural aspects were highlighted. Firstly, the interface between mineralized and unmineralized fibrocartilage showed the highest roughness at the tuberosity, possibly to increase failure resistance of a region carrying large stresses. Secondly, fibrochondrocyte lacunae inside mineralized fibrocartilage, in analogy with osteocyte lacunae in bone, had a predominant alignment at the enthesis and a rather random organization away from it. Finally, the network of subchondral channels inside the tuberosity was highly anisotropic when compared to contiguous regions. This dual anisotropy of subchondral channels and cell lacunae at the insertion may reflect the alignment of the underlying collagen network. Our findings suggest that the microstructure of fibrocartilage may be linked with the loading environment. Future studies should characterize those microstructural aspects in aged and or diseased conditions to elucidate the poorly understood role of bone and fibrocartilage in enthesis-related pathologies.
format	article
author	Alexandra Tits Erwan Plougonven Stéphane Blouin Markus A. Hartmann Jean-François Kaux Pierre Drion Justin Fernandez G. Harry van Lenthe Davide Ruffoni
author_facet	Alexandra Tits Erwan Plougonven Stéphane Blouin Markus A. Hartmann Jean-François Kaux Pierre Drion Justin Fernandez G. Harry van Lenthe Davide Ruffoni
author_sort	Alexandra Tits
title	Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
title_short	Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
title_full	Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
title_fullStr	Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
title_full_unstemmed	Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
title_sort	local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6644b3e664df4f29af5264f6ad7e9385
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Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface

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