Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.Methods OSA diagnosis an...

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Autores principales:	Riitta Kaarteenaho, Nina Hautala, Athena Matakidou, Jaakko Kaprio, Ying Wu, Kai Kaarniranta, Peeter Karihtala, Kari Pulkki, Wei Zhou, Caroline Fox, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Apinya Lertratanakul, Juha Paloneva, Johannes Kettunen, Marita Kalaoja, Markus Perola, Veikko Salomaa, Hilkka Soininen, Mika Kähönen, Hao Chen, Andrey Loboda, Soumitra Ghosh, Anders Mälarstig, Markku Laakso, Marja Luodonpää, Markus Juonala, Xing Chen, Marika Crohns, Juhani Junttila, Sirkku Peltonen, Keith Usiskin, Juha Sinisalo, Aarno Palotie, Samuli Ripatti, Oili Kaipiainen-Seppänen, Aki Havulinna, Satu Strausz, Tuomo Kiiskinen, Martin Broberg, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Jukka Koskela, Adel Bachour, Tuula Palotie, Hanna M. Ollila, Mark Daly, Howard Jacob, Heiko Runz, Sally John, Robert Plenge, Mark McCarthy, Julie Hunkapiller, Meg Ehm, Dawn Waterworth, Kathy Klinger, Kathy Call, Tomi Mäkelä, Petri Virolainen, Terhi Kilpi, Jukka Partanen, Anne Pitkäranta, Seppo Vainio, Kimmo Savinainen, Veli-Matti Kosma, Urho Kujala, Outi Tuovila, Minna Hendolin, Raimo Pakkanen, Jeff Waring, States Bridget Riley-Gillis, Jimmy Liu, Shameek Biswas, Dorothee Diogo, Anders Pfizer, Catherine Marshall, Xinli Hu, Matthias Gossel, Johanna Schleutker, Mikko Arvas, Olli Carpen, Reetta Hinttala, Reijo Laaksonen, Arto Mannermaa, Valtteri Julkunen, Anne Remes, Reetta Kälviäinen, Mikko Hiltunen, Jukka Peltola, Pentti Tienari, Juha Rinne, Adam Ziemann, Jeffrey Waring, Sahar Esmaeeli, Nizar Smaoui, Anne Lehtonen, Susan Eaton, Sanni Lahdenperä, John Michon, Geoff Kerchner, Natalie Bowers, Edmond Teng, John Merck, Vinay Mehta, Padhraig Gormley, Kari Linden, Christopher Whelan, Fanli Xu, David Pulford, Martti Färkkilä, Sampsa Pikkarainen, Airi Jussila, Timo Blomster, Mikko Kiviniemi, Markku Voutilainen, Bob Georgantas, Graham Heap, Fedik Rahimov, Joseph Maranville, Tim Lu, Danny Oh, Kirsi Kalpala, Melissa Miller, Linda McCarthy, Kari Eklund, Antti Palomäki, Pia Isomäki, Laura Pirilä, Johanna Huhtakangas, David Close, Marla Hochfeld, Nan Bing, Jorge Esparza Gordillo, Nina Mars, Tarja Laitinen, Margit Pelkonen, Paula Kauppi, Hannu Kankaanranta, Terttu Harju, Steven GreenbergCelgene, Hubert Chen, Jo Betts, Teemu Niiranen, Kaj Metsärinne, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Jari Laukkanen, Andrew Peterson Ben Challis, Audrey Chu, Jaakko Parkkinen, Anthony Muslin, Heikki Joensuu, Tuomo Meretoja, Lauri Aaltonen, Annika Auranen, Saila Kauppila, Päivi Auvinen, Klaus Elenius, Relja Popovic, Bridget Riley-Gillis, Jennifer Schutzman, Aparna Chhibber, Heli Lehtonen, Stefan McDonough, Diptee Kulkarni, Joni Turunen, Terhi Ollila, Sanna Seitsonen, Hannu Uusitalo, Vesa Aaltonen, Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen, Erich Strauss, Anna Podgornaia, Joshua Hoffman, Kaisa Tasanen, Laura Huilaja, Katariina Hannula-Jouppi, Teea Salmi, Leena Koulu, Ilkka Harvima, David Choy, Anu Jalanko, Risto Kajanne, Ulrike Lyhs, Mari Kaunisto, Justin Davis, Danjuma Quarless, Slavé Petrovski, Chia-Yen Chen, Paola Bronson, Robert Yang, Diana Chang, Tushar Bhangale, Emily Holzinger, Xulong Wang, Åsa Hedman, Kirsi Auro, Clarence Wang, Ethan Xu, Franck Auge, Clement Chatelain, Mitja Kurki, Juha Karjalainen, Kimmo Palin, Priit Palta, Pietro Della, Susanna Lemmelä, Manuel Rivas, Jarmo Harju, Arto Lehisto, Andrea Ganna, Vincent Llorens, Antti Karlsson, Kati Kristiansson, Kati Hyvärinen, Jarmo Ritari, Tiina Wahlfors, Miika Koskinen, Katri Pylkäs, Minna Karjalainen, Tuomo Mantere, Eeva Kangasniemi, Sami Heikkinen, Eija Laakkonen, Juha Kononen, Anu Loukola, Päivi Laiho, Tuuli Sistonen, Essi Kaiharju, Markku Laukkanen, Elina Järvensivu, Sini Lähteenmäki, Lotta Männikkö, Regis Wong, Hannele Mattsson, Tero Hiekkalinna, Manuel Jiménez, Kati Donner, Kalle Pärn, Javier Nunez-Fontarnau, Elina Kilpeläinen, Timo Sipilä, Georg Brein, Alexander Dada, Ghazal Awaisa, Anastasia Shcherban, Tuomas Sipilä, Hannele Laivuori, Harri Siirtola, Javier Tabuenca, Lila Kallio, Sirpa Soini, Kimmo Pitkänen, Teijo Kuopio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMJ Publishing Group 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/665d58ff79f64fd48408e3fae6e27c75
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record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779
spellingShingle	Medicine R Diseases of the respiratory system RC705-779 Riitta Kaarteenaho Nina Hautala Athena Matakidou Jaakko Kaprio Ying Wu Kai Kaarniranta Peeter Karihtala Kari Pulkki Wei Zhou Caroline Fox Jussi Pihlajamäki Apinya Lertratanakul Juha Paloneva Johannes Kettunen Marita Kalaoja Markus Perola Veikko Salomaa Hilkka Soininen Mika Kähönen Hao Chen Andrey Loboda Soumitra Ghosh Anders Mälarstig Markku Laakso Marja Luodonpää Markus Juonala Xing Chen Marika Crohns Juhani Junttila Sirkku Peltonen Keith Usiskin Juha Sinisalo Aarno Palotie Samuli Ripatti Oili Kaipiainen-Seppänen Aki Havulinna Satu Strausz Tuomo Kiiskinen Martin Broberg Sanni Ruotsalainen Jukka Koskela Adel Bachour Tuula Palotie Hanna M. Ollila Mark Daly Howard Jacob Heiko Runz Sally John Robert Plenge Mark McCarthy Julie Hunkapiller Meg Ehm Dawn Waterworth Kathy Klinger Kathy Call Tomi Mäkelä Petri Virolainen Terhi Kilpi Jukka Partanen Anne Pitkäranta Seppo Vainio Kimmo Savinainen Veli-Matti Kosma Urho Kujala Outi Tuovila Minna Hendolin Raimo Pakkanen Jeff Waring States Bridget Riley-Gillis Jimmy Liu Shameek Biswas Dorothee Diogo Anders Pfizer Catherine Marshall Xinli Hu Matthias Gossel Johanna Schleutker Mikko Arvas Olli Carpen Reetta Hinttala Reijo Laaksonen Arto Mannermaa Valtteri Julkunen Anne Remes Reetta Kälviäinen Mikko Hiltunen Jukka Peltola Pentti Tienari Juha Rinne Adam Ziemann Jeffrey Waring Sahar Esmaeeli Nizar Smaoui Anne Lehtonen Susan Eaton Sanni Lahdenperä John Michon Geoff Kerchner Natalie Bowers Edmond Teng John Merck Vinay Mehta Padhraig Gormley Kari Linden Christopher Whelan Fanli Xu David Pulford Martti Färkkilä Sampsa Pikkarainen Airi Jussila Timo Blomster Mikko Kiviniemi Markku Voutilainen Bob Georgantas Graham Heap Fedik Rahimov Joseph Maranville Tim Lu Danny Oh Kirsi Kalpala Melissa Miller Linda McCarthy Kari Eklund Antti Palomäki Pia Isomäki Laura Pirilä Johanna Huhtakangas David Close Marla Hochfeld Nan Bing Jorge Esparza Gordillo Nina Mars Tarja Laitinen Margit Pelkonen Paula Kauppi Hannu Kankaanranta Terttu Harju Steven GreenbergCelgene Hubert Chen Jo Betts Teemu Niiranen Kaj Metsärinne Marja-Riitta Taskinen Tiinamaija Tuomi Jari Laukkanen Andrew Peterson Ben Challis Audrey Chu Jaakko Parkkinen Anthony Muslin Heikki Joensuu Tuomo Meretoja Lauri Aaltonen Annika Auranen Saila Kauppila Päivi Auvinen Klaus Elenius Relja Popovic Bridget Riley-Gillis Jennifer Schutzman Aparna Chhibber Heli Lehtonen Stefan McDonough Diptee Kulkarni Joni Turunen Terhi Ollila Sanna Seitsonen Hannu Uusitalo Vesa Aaltonen Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen Erich Strauss Anna Podgornaia Joshua Hoffman Kaisa Tasanen Laura Huilaja Katariina Hannula-Jouppi Teea Salmi Leena Koulu Ilkka Harvima David Choy Anu Jalanko Risto Kajanne Ulrike Lyhs Mari Kaunisto Justin Davis Danjuma Quarless Slavé Petrovski Chia-Yen Chen Paola Bronson Robert Yang Diana Chang Tushar Bhangale Emily Holzinger Xulong Wang Åsa Hedman Kirsi Auro Clarence Wang Ethan Xu Franck Auge Clement Chatelain Mitja Kurki Juha Karjalainen Kimmo Palin Priit Palta Pietro Della Susanna Lemmelä Manuel Rivas Jarmo Harju Arto Lehisto Andrea Ganna Vincent Llorens Antti Karlsson Kati Kristiansson Kati Hyvärinen Jarmo Ritari Tiina Wahlfors Miika Koskinen Katri Pylkäs Minna Karjalainen Tuomo Mantere Eeva Kangasniemi Sami Heikkinen Eija Laakkonen Juha Kononen Anu Loukola Päivi Laiho Tuuli Sistonen Essi Kaiharju Markku Laukkanen Elina Järvensivu Sini Lähteenmäki Lotta Männikkö Regis Wong Hannele Mattsson Tero Hiekkalinna Manuel Jiménez Kati Donner Kalle Pärn Javier Nunez-Fontarnau Elina Kilpeläinen Timo Sipilä Georg Brein Alexander Dada Ghazal Awaisa Anastasia Shcherban Tuomas Sipilä Hannele Laivuori Harri Siirtola Javier Tabuenca Lila Kallio Sirpa Soini Kimmo Pitkänen Teijo Kuopio Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
description	Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.Methods OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.Results We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10−5, OR-adjusted=2.93 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.39), p-adjusted=0.045). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.25). A meta-analysis of OSA and severe COVID-19 showed association across 15 835 COVID-19 positive controls, and n=1294 patients with OSA with severe COVID-19 (OR=2.37 (95% 1.14 to 4.95), p=0.021).Conclusion Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.
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author	Riitta Kaarteenaho Nina Hautala Athena Matakidou Jaakko Kaprio Ying Wu Kai Kaarniranta Peeter Karihtala Kari Pulkki Wei Zhou Caroline Fox Jussi Pihlajamäki Apinya Lertratanakul Juha Paloneva Johannes Kettunen Marita Kalaoja Markus Perola Veikko Salomaa Hilkka Soininen Mika Kähönen Hao Chen Andrey Loboda Soumitra Ghosh Anders Mälarstig Markku Laakso Marja Luodonpää Markus Juonala Xing Chen Marika Crohns Juhani Junttila Sirkku Peltonen Keith Usiskin Juha Sinisalo Aarno Palotie Samuli Ripatti Oili Kaipiainen-Seppänen Aki Havulinna Satu Strausz Tuomo Kiiskinen Martin Broberg Sanni Ruotsalainen Jukka Koskela Adel Bachour Tuula Palotie Hanna M. Ollila Mark Daly Howard Jacob Heiko Runz Sally John Robert Plenge Mark McCarthy Julie Hunkapiller Meg Ehm Dawn Waterworth Kathy Klinger Kathy Call Tomi Mäkelä Petri Virolainen Terhi Kilpi Jukka Partanen Anne Pitkäranta Seppo Vainio Kimmo Savinainen Veli-Matti Kosma Urho Kujala Outi Tuovila Minna Hendolin Raimo Pakkanen Jeff Waring States Bridget Riley-Gillis Jimmy Liu Shameek Biswas Dorothee Diogo Anders Pfizer Catherine Marshall Xinli Hu Matthias Gossel Johanna Schleutker Mikko Arvas Olli Carpen Reetta Hinttala Reijo Laaksonen Arto Mannermaa Valtteri Julkunen Anne Remes Reetta Kälviäinen Mikko Hiltunen Jukka Peltola Pentti Tienari Juha Rinne Adam Ziemann Jeffrey Waring Sahar Esmaeeli Nizar Smaoui Anne Lehtonen Susan Eaton Sanni Lahdenperä John Michon Geoff Kerchner Natalie Bowers Edmond Teng John Merck Vinay Mehta Padhraig Gormley Kari Linden Christopher Whelan Fanli Xu David Pulford Martti Färkkilä Sampsa Pikkarainen Airi Jussila Timo Blomster Mikko Kiviniemi Markku Voutilainen Bob Georgantas Graham Heap Fedik Rahimov Joseph Maranville Tim Lu Danny Oh Kirsi Kalpala Melissa Miller Linda McCarthy Kari Eklund Antti Palomäki Pia Isomäki Laura Pirilä Johanna Huhtakangas David Close Marla Hochfeld Nan Bing Jorge Esparza Gordillo Nina Mars Tarja Laitinen Margit Pelkonen Paula Kauppi Hannu Kankaanranta Terttu Harju Steven GreenbergCelgene Hubert Chen Jo Betts Teemu Niiranen Kaj Metsärinne Marja-Riitta Taskinen Tiinamaija Tuomi Jari Laukkanen Andrew Peterson Ben Challis Audrey Chu Jaakko Parkkinen Anthony Muslin Heikki Joensuu Tuomo Meretoja Lauri Aaltonen Annika Auranen Saila Kauppila Päivi Auvinen Klaus Elenius Relja Popovic Bridget Riley-Gillis Jennifer Schutzman Aparna Chhibber Heli Lehtonen Stefan McDonough Diptee Kulkarni Joni Turunen Terhi Ollila Sanna Seitsonen Hannu Uusitalo Vesa Aaltonen Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen Erich Strauss Anna Podgornaia Joshua Hoffman Kaisa Tasanen Laura Huilaja Katariina Hannula-Jouppi Teea Salmi Leena Koulu Ilkka Harvima David Choy Anu Jalanko Risto Kajanne Ulrike Lyhs Mari Kaunisto Justin Davis Danjuma Quarless Slavé Petrovski Chia-Yen Chen Paola Bronson Robert Yang Diana Chang Tushar Bhangale Emily Holzinger Xulong Wang Åsa Hedman Kirsi Auro Clarence Wang Ethan Xu Franck Auge Clement Chatelain Mitja Kurki Juha Karjalainen Kimmo Palin Priit Palta Pietro Della Susanna Lemmelä Manuel Rivas Jarmo Harju Arto Lehisto Andrea Ganna Vincent Llorens Antti Karlsson Kati Kristiansson Kati Hyvärinen Jarmo Ritari Tiina Wahlfors Miika Koskinen Katri Pylkäs Minna Karjalainen Tuomo Mantere Eeva Kangasniemi Sami Heikkinen Eija Laakkonen Juha Kononen Anu Loukola Päivi Laiho Tuuli Sistonen Essi Kaiharju Markku Laukkanen Elina Järvensivu Sini Lähteenmäki Lotta Männikkö Regis Wong Hannele Mattsson Tero Hiekkalinna Manuel Jiménez Kati Donner Kalle Pärn Javier Nunez-Fontarnau Elina Kilpeläinen Timo Sipilä Georg Brein Alexander Dada Ghazal Awaisa Anastasia Shcherban Tuomas Sipilä Hannele Laivuori Harri Siirtola Javier Tabuenca Lila Kallio Sirpa Soini Kimmo Pitkänen Teijo Kuopio
author_facet	Riitta Kaarteenaho Nina Hautala Athena Matakidou Jaakko Kaprio Ying Wu Kai Kaarniranta Peeter Karihtala Kari Pulkki Wei Zhou Caroline Fox Jussi Pihlajamäki Apinya Lertratanakul Juha Paloneva Johannes Kettunen Marita Kalaoja Markus Perola Veikko Salomaa Hilkka Soininen Mika Kähönen Hao Chen Andrey Loboda Soumitra Ghosh Anders Mälarstig Markku Laakso Marja Luodonpää Markus Juonala Xing Chen Marika Crohns Juhani Junttila Sirkku Peltonen Keith Usiskin Juha Sinisalo Aarno Palotie Samuli Ripatti Oili Kaipiainen-Seppänen Aki Havulinna Satu Strausz Tuomo Kiiskinen Martin Broberg Sanni Ruotsalainen Jukka Koskela Adel Bachour Tuula Palotie Hanna M. Ollila Mark Daly Howard Jacob Heiko Runz Sally John Robert Plenge Mark McCarthy Julie Hunkapiller Meg Ehm Dawn Waterworth Kathy Klinger Kathy Call Tomi Mäkelä Petri Virolainen Terhi Kilpi Jukka Partanen Anne Pitkäranta Seppo Vainio Kimmo Savinainen Veli-Matti Kosma Urho Kujala Outi Tuovila Minna Hendolin Raimo Pakkanen Jeff Waring States Bridget Riley-Gillis Jimmy Liu Shameek Biswas Dorothee Diogo Anders Pfizer Catherine Marshall Xinli Hu Matthias Gossel Johanna Schleutker Mikko Arvas Olli Carpen Reetta Hinttala Reijo Laaksonen Arto Mannermaa Valtteri Julkunen Anne Remes Reetta Kälviäinen Mikko Hiltunen Jukka Peltola Pentti Tienari Juha Rinne Adam Ziemann Jeffrey Waring Sahar Esmaeeli Nizar Smaoui Anne Lehtonen Susan Eaton Sanni Lahdenperä John Michon Geoff Kerchner Natalie Bowers Edmond Teng John Merck Vinay Mehta Padhraig Gormley Kari Linden Christopher Whelan Fanli Xu David Pulford Martti Färkkilä Sampsa Pikkarainen Airi Jussila Timo Blomster Mikko Kiviniemi Markku Voutilainen Bob Georgantas Graham Heap Fedik Rahimov Joseph Maranville Tim Lu Danny Oh Kirsi Kalpala Melissa Miller Linda McCarthy Kari Eklund Antti Palomäki Pia Isomäki Laura Pirilä Johanna Huhtakangas David Close Marla Hochfeld Nan Bing Jorge Esparza Gordillo Nina Mars Tarja Laitinen Margit Pelkonen Paula Kauppi Hannu Kankaanranta Terttu Harju Steven GreenbergCelgene Hubert Chen Jo Betts Teemu Niiranen Kaj Metsärinne Marja-Riitta Taskinen Tiinamaija Tuomi Jari Laukkanen Andrew Peterson Ben Challis Audrey Chu Jaakko Parkkinen Anthony Muslin Heikki Joensuu Tuomo Meretoja Lauri Aaltonen Annika Auranen Saila Kauppila Päivi Auvinen Klaus Elenius Relja Popovic Bridget Riley-Gillis Jennifer Schutzman Aparna Chhibber Heli Lehtonen Stefan McDonough Diptee Kulkarni Joni Turunen Terhi Ollila Sanna Seitsonen Hannu Uusitalo Vesa Aaltonen Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen Erich Strauss Anna Podgornaia Joshua Hoffman Kaisa Tasanen Laura Huilaja Katariina Hannula-Jouppi Teea Salmi Leena Koulu Ilkka Harvima David Choy Anu Jalanko Risto Kajanne Ulrike Lyhs Mari Kaunisto Justin Davis Danjuma Quarless Slavé Petrovski Chia-Yen Chen Paola Bronson Robert Yang Diana Chang Tushar Bhangale Emily Holzinger Xulong Wang Åsa Hedman Kirsi Auro Clarence Wang Ethan Xu Franck Auge Clement Chatelain Mitja Kurki Juha Karjalainen Kimmo Palin Priit Palta Pietro Della Susanna Lemmelä Manuel Rivas Jarmo Harju Arto Lehisto Andrea Ganna Vincent Llorens Antti Karlsson Kati Kristiansson Kati Hyvärinen Jarmo Ritari Tiina Wahlfors Miika Koskinen Katri Pylkäs Minna Karjalainen Tuomo Mantere Eeva Kangasniemi Sami Heikkinen Eija Laakkonen Juha Kononen Anu Loukola Päivi Laiho Tuuli Sistonen Essi Kaiharju Markku Laukkanen Elina Järvensivu Sini Lähteenmäki Lotta Männikkö Regis Wong Hannele Mattsson Tero Hiekkalinna Manuel Jiménez Kati Donner Kalle Pärn Javier Nunez-Fontarnau Elina Kilpeläinen Timo Sipilä Georg Brein Alexander Dada Ghazal Awaisa Anastasia Shcherban Tuomas Sipilä Hannele Laivuori Harri Siirtola Javier Tabuenca Lila Kallio Sirpa Soini Kimmo Pitkänen Teijo Kuopio
author_sort	Riitta Kaarteenaho
title	Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
title_short	Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
title_full	Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
title_fullStr	Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed	Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19
title_sort	sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe covid-19
publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/665d58ff79f64fd48408e3fae6e27c75
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:665d58ff79f64fd48408e3fae6e27c752021-11-17T07:00:09ZSleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-1910.1136/bmjresp-2020-0008452052-4439https://doaj.org/article/665d58ff79f64fd48408e3fae6e27c752021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000845.fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2052-4439Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19.We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19.Methods OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies.Results We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10−5, OR-adjusted=2.93 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.39), p-adjusted=0.045). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.25). A meta-analysis of OSA and severe COVID-19 showed association across 15 835 COVID-19 positive controls, and n=1294 patients with OSA with severe COVID-19 (OR=2.37 (95% 1.14 to 4.95), p=0.021).Conclusion Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.Riitta KaarteenahoNina HautalaAthena MatakidouJaakko KaprioYing WuKai KaarnirantaPeeter KarihtalaKari PulkkiWei ZhouCaroline FoxJussi PihlajamäkiApinya LertratanakulJuha PalonevaJohannes KettunenMarita KalaojaMarkus PerolaVeikko SalomaaHilkka SoininenMika KähönenHao ChenAndrey LobodaSoumitra GhoshAnders MälarstigMarkku LaaksoMarja LuodonpääMarkus JuonalaXing ChenMarika CrohnsJuhani JunttilaSirkku PeltonenKeith UsiskinJuha SinisaloAarno PalotieSamuli RipattiOili Kaipiainen-SeppänenAki HavulinnaSatu StrauszTuomo KiiskinenMartin BrobergSanni RuotsalainenJukka KoskelaAdel BachourTuula PalotieHanna M. OllilaMark DalyHoward JacobHeiko RunzSally JohnRobert PlengeMark McCarthyJulie HunkapillerMeg EhmDawn WaterworthKathy KlingerKathy CallTomi MäkeläPetri VirolainenTerhi KilpiJukka PartanenAnne PitkärantaSeppo VainioKimmo SavinainenVeli-Matti KosmaUrho KujalaOuti TuovilaMinna HendolinRaimo PakkanenJeff WaringStates Bridget Riley-GillisJimmy LiuShameek BiswasDorothee DiogoAnders PfizerCatherine MarshallXinli HuMatthias GosselJohanna SchleutkerMikko ArvasOlli CarpenReetta HinttalaReijo LaaksonenArto MannermaaValtteri JulkunenAnne RemesReetta KälviäinenMikko HiltunenJukka PeltolaPentti TienariJuha RinneAdam ZiemannJeffrey WaringSahar EsmaeeliNizar SmaouiAnne LehtonenSusan EatonSanni LahdenperäJohn MichonGeoff KerchnerNatalie BowersEdmond TengJohn MerckVinay MehtaPadhraig GormleyKari LindenChristopher WhelanFanli XuDavid PulfordMartti FärkkiläSampsa PikkarainenAiri JussilaTimo BlomsterMikko KiviniemiMarkku VoutilainenBob GeorgantasGraham HeapFedik RahimovJoseph MaranvilleTim LuDanny OhKirsi KalpalaMelissa MillerLinda McCarthyKari EklundAntti PalomäkiPia IsomäkiLaura PiriläJohanna HuhtakangasDavid CloseMarla HochfeldNan BingJorge Esparza GordilloNina MarsTarja LaitinenMargit PelkonenPaula KauppiHannu KankaanrantaTerttu HarjuSteven GreenbergCelgeneHubert ChenJo BettsTeemu NiiranenKaj MetsärinneMarja-Riitta TaskinenTiinamaija TuomiJari LaukkanenAndrew Peterson Ben ChallisAudrey ChuJaakko ParkkinenAnthony MuslinHeikki JoensuuTuomo MeretojaLauri AaltonenAnnika AuranenSaila KauppilaPäivi AuvinenKlaus EleniusRelja PopovicBridget Riley-GillisJennifer SchutzmanAparna ChhibberHeli LehtonenStefan McDonoughDiptee KulkarniJoni TurunenTerhi OllilaSanna SeitsonenHannu UusitaloVesa AaltonenHannele Uusitalo-JärvinenErich StraussAnna PodgornaiaJoshua HoffmanKaisa TasanenLaura HuilajaKatariina Hannula-JouppiTeea SalmiLeena KouluIlkka HarvimaDavid ChoyAnu JalankoRisto KajanneUlrike LyhsMari KaunistoJustin DavisDanjuma QuarlessSlavé PetrovskiChia-Yen ChenPaola BronsonRobert YangDiana ChangTushar BhangaleEmily HolzingerXulong WangÅsa HedmanKirsi AuroClarence WangEthan XuFranck AugeClement ChatelainMitja KurkiJuha KarjalainenKimmo PalinPriit PaltaPietro DellaSusanna LemmeläManuel RivasJarmo HarjuArto LehistoAndrea GannaVincent LlorensAntti KarlssonKati KristianssonKati HyvärinenJarmo RitariTiina WahlforsMiika KoskinenKatri PylkäsMinna KarjalainenTuomo MantereEeva KangasniemiSami HeikkinenEija LaakkonenJuha KononenAnu LoukolaPäivi LaihoTuuli SistonenEssi KaiharjuMarkku LaukkanenElina JärvensivuSini LähteenmäkiLotta MännikköRegis WongHannele MattssonTero HiekkalinnaManuel JiménezKati DonnerKalle PärnJavier Nunez-FontarnauElina KilpeläinenTimo SipiläGeorg BreinAlexander DadaGhazal AwaisaAnastasia ShcherbanTuomas SipiläHannele LaivuoriHarri SiirtolaJavier TabuencaLila KallioSirpa SoiniKimmo PitkänenTeijo KuopioBMJ Publishing GrouparticleMedicineRDiseases of the respiratory systemRC705-779ENBMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 8, Iss 1 (2021)

Sleep apnoea is a risk factor for severe COVID-19

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