CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms

Abstract C. albicans is the predominant human fungal pathogen and frequently colonises medical devices, such as voice prostheses, as a biofilm. It is a dimorphic yeast that can switch between yeast and hyphal forms in response to environmental cues, a property that is essential during biofilm establ...

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Autores principales:	Daniel R. Pentland, Jack Davis, Fritz A. Mühlschlegel, Campbell W. Gourlay
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Microbial ecology QR100-130
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6684d235fbea46498d7042094ef24164
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6684d235fbea46498d7042094ef241642021-12-02T15:07:47ZCO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms10.1038/s41522-021-00238-z2055-5008https://doaj.org/article/6684d235fbea46498d7042094ef241642021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-021-00238-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2055-5008Abstract C. albicans is the predominant human fungal pathogen and frequently colonises medical devices, such as voice prostheses, as a biofilm. It is a dimorphic yeast that can switch between yeast and hyphal forms in response to environmental cues, a property that is essential during biofilm establishment and maturation. One such cue is the elevation of CO2 levels, as observed in exhaled breath for example. However, despite the clear medical relevance, the effect of CO2 on C. albicans biofilm growth has not been investigated to date. Here we show that physiologically relevant CO2 elevation enhances each stage of the C. albicans biofilm-forming process: from attachment through maturation to dispersion. The effects of CO2 are mediated via the Ras/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway and the central biofilm regulators Efg1, Brg1, Bcr1 and Ndt80. Biofilms grown under elevated CO2 conditions also exhibit increased azole resistance, increased Sef1-dependent iron scavenging and enhanced glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. These findings suggest that C. albicans has evolved to utilise the CO2 signal to promote biofilm formation within the host. We investigate the possibility of targeting CO2-activated processes and propose 2-deoxyglucose as a drug that may be repurposed to prevent C. albicans biofilm formation on medical airway management implants. We thus characterise the mechanisms by which CO2 promotes C. albicans biofilm formation and suggest new approaches for future preventative strategies.Daniel R. PentlandJack DavisFritz A. MühlschlegelCampbell W. GourlayNature PortfolioarticleMicrobial ecologyQR100-130ENnpj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbial ecology QR100-130
spellingShingle	Microbial ecology QR100-130 Daniel R. Pentland Jack Davis Fritz A. Mühlschlegel Campbell W. Gourlay CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
description	Abstract C. albicans is the predominant human fungal pathogen and frequently colonises medical devices, such as voice prostheses, as a biofilm. It is a dimorphic yeast that can switch between yeast and hyphal forms in response to environmental cues, a property that is essential during biofilm establishment and maturation. One such cue is the elevation of CO2 levels, as observed in exhaled breath for example. However, despite the clear medical relevance, the effect of CO2 on C. albicans biofilm growth has not been investigated to date. Here we show that physiologically relevant CO2 elevation enhances each stage of the C. albicans biofilm-forming process: from attachment through maturation to dispersion. The effects of CO2 are mediated via the Ras/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway and the central biofilm regulators Efg1, Brg1, Bcr1 and Ndt80. Biofilms grown under elevated CO2 conditions also exhibit increased azole resistance, increased Sef1-dependent iron scavenging and enhanced glucose uptake to support their rapid growth. These findings suggest that C. albicans has evolved to utilise the CO2 signal to promote biofilm formation within the host. We investigate the possibility of targeting CO2-activated processes and propose 2-deoxyglucose as a drug that may be repurposed to prevent C. albicans biofilm formation on medical airway management implants. We thus characterise the mechanisms by which CO2 promotes C. albicans biofilm formation and suggest new approaches for future preventative strategies.
format	article
author	Daniel R. Pentland Jack Davis Fritz A. Mühlschlegel Campbell W. Gourlay
author_facet	Daniel R. Pentland Jack Davis Fritz A. Mühlschlegel Campbell W. Gourlay
author_sort	Daniel R. Pentland
title	CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
title_short	CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
title_full	CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
title_fullStr	CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
title_full_unstemmed	CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms
title_sort	co2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of c. albicans biofilms
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6684d235fbea46498d7042094ef24164
work_keys_str_mv	AT danielrpentland co2enhancestheformationnutrientscavenginganddrugresistancepropertiesofcalbicansbiofilms AT jackdavis co2enhancestheformationnutrientscavenginganddrugresistancepropertiesofcalbicansbiofilms AT fritzamuhlschlegel co2enhancestheformationnutrientscavenginganddrugresistancepropertiesofcalbicansbiofilms AT campbellwgourlay co2enhancestheformationnutrientscavenginganddrugresistancepropertiesofcalbicansbiofilms
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CO2 enhances the formation, nutrient scavenging and drug resistance properties of C. albicans biofilms

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