Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms

Early diagnosis of plant diseases before the occurrence of symptoms can reduce the loss of the yield and increase the quality of agricultural crops. It also reduces the consumption of pesticides, environmental risks, and the cost of production. For this reason, the objectives of the present study we...

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Autores principales:	F Azadshahraki, K Sharifi, B Jamshidi, R Karimzadeh, H Naderi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN FA
Publicado:	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 2022
Materias:	early blight nir spectroscopy principal components analysis tomato plants Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6684f4ef052c49babe29cb445d4d99b7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6684f4ef052c49babe29cb445d4d99b72021-11-29T06:32:46ZDiagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms2228-68292423-394310.22067/jam.2021.67436.1001https://doaj.org/article/6684f4ef052c49babe29cb445d4d99b72022-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://jame.um.ac.ir/article_39597_37f631cd9bfdc62941dacc1cb7c5438a.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2228-6829https://doaj.org/toc/2423-3943Early diagnosis of plant diseases before the occurrence of symptoms can reduce the loss of the yield and increase the quality of agricultural crops. It also reduces the consumption of pesticides, environmental risks, and the cost of production. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were non-destructive diagnosis of early blight of tomato plant and discrimination of the most important agents of early blight (A. solani and A. alternate) in the primary stages of incidence of the disease before appearing visual symptoms using Vis-NIR spectroscopy (400-900 nm). The spectral data were acquired from the leaves of the plants infected with A. solani and A. alternate, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours after inoculation. To develop the recognition model based on the spectral data, principal components analysis (PCA) coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) was used. The results showed that the PCA-ANN model could diagnose the infected plants and pathogen species with accuracy of 93-100% for test set samples. In 96 hours after inoculation, in addition to the simpler model (8 PCs and 3 neurons in hidden layer), accuracy of 100% was obtained. At all times after inoculation, there was no error in diagnosis of the plants infected with A. solani that is more pathogenic and aggressive than other species, from healthy plants. Early blight in tomato plant and the type of pathogen before visual symptoms, without any plant sample preparation, could be diagnosed non-destructively (with accuracy of 93-100%) using Vis-NIR (400-900 nm) spectroscopy coupled with PCA-ANN. It was concluded that this technology could be used for rapid, low-cost, and early diagnosis of this disease in tomato plant instead of time-consuming, expensive, and destructive laboratory methods.F AzadshahrakiK SharifiB JamshidiR KarimzadehH NaderiFerdowsi University of Mashhadarticleearly blightnir spectroscopyprincipal components analysistomato plantsAgriculture (General)S1-972Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENFAJournal of Agricultural Machinery, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 81-94 (2022)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN FA
topic	early blight nir spectroscopy principal components analysis tomato plants Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	early blight nir spectroscopy principal components analysis tomato plants Agriculture (General) S1-972 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 F Azadshahraki K Sharifi B Jamshidi R Karimzadeh H Naderi Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
description	Early diagnosis of plant diseases before the occurrence of symptoms can reduce the loss of the yield and increase the quality of agricultural crops. It also reduces the consumption of pesticides, environmental risks, and the cost of production. For this reason, the objectives of the present study were non-destructive diagnosis of early blight of tomato plant and discrimination of the most important agents of early blight (A. solani and A. alternate) in the primary stages of incidence of the disease before appearing visual symptoms using Vis-NIR spectroscopy (400-900 nm). The spectral data were acquired from the leaves of the plants infected with A. solani and A. alternate, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours after inoculation. To develop the recognition model based on the spectral data, principal components analysis (PCA) coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) was used. The results showed that the PCA-ANN model could diagnose the infected plants and pathogen species with accuracy of 93-100% for test set samples. In 96 hours after inoculation, in addition to the simpler model (8 PCs and 3 neurons in hidden layer), accuracy of 100% was obtained. At all times after inoculation, there was no error in diagnosis of the plants infected with A. solani that is more pathogenic and aggressive than other species, from healthy plants. Early blight in tomato plant and the type of pathogen before visual symptoms, without any plant sample preparation, could be diagnosed non-destructively (with accuracy of 93-100%) using Vis-NIR (400-900 nm) spectroscopy coupled with PCA-ANN. It was concluded that this technology could be used for rapid, low-cost, and early diagnosis of this disease in tomato plant instead of time-consuming, expensive, and destructive laboratory methods.
format	article
author	F Azadshahraki K Sharifi B Jamshidi R Karimzadeh H Naderi
author_facet	F Azadshahraki K Sharifi B Jamshidi R Karimzadeh H Naderi
author_sort	F Azadshahraki
title	Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
title_short	Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
title_full	Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
title_fullStr	Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
title_full_unstemmed	Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms
title_sort	diagnosis of early blight disease in tomato plant based on visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and principal components analysis- artificial neural network prior to visual disease symptoms
publisher	Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
publishDate	2022
url	https://doaj.org/article/6684f4ef052c49babe29cb445d4d99b7
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Diagnosis of Early Blight Disease in Tomato Plant based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Principal Components Analysis- Artificial Neural Network Prior to Visual Disease Symptoms

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