Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Augmentation index (AIx) is widely used as a measure of wave reflection. We compared the relationship between AIx and age, height and sex with 'gold standard' measures of wave reflection derived from measurements of pressure and flow to establish how well AIx...

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Autores principales:	Alun D Hughes, Chloe Park, Justin Davies, Darrel Francis, Simon A McG Thom, Jamil Mayet, Kim H Parker
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/66a9bd40f2ab4e188139eca956291273
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:66a9bd40f2ab4e188139eca9562912732021-11-18T07:51:48ZLimitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0059371https://doaj.org/article/66a9bd40f2ab4e188139eca9562912732013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23544061/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Objectives</h4>Augmentation index (AIx) is widely used as a measure of wave reflection. We compared the relationship between AIx and age, height and sex with 'gold standard' measures of wave reflection derived from measurements of pressure and flow to establish how well AIx measures wave reflection.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Measurements of carotid pressure and flow velocity were made in the carotid artery of 65 healthy normotensive individuals (age 21-78 yr; 43 male) and pulse wave analysis, wave intensity analysis and wave separation was performed; waveforms were classified into type A, B or C. AIx, the time of the first shoulder (T(s)), wave reflection index (WRI) and the ratio of backward to forward pressure (P(b)/P(f)) were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>AIx did not correlate with log WRI or P(b)/P(f). When AIx was restricted to positive values AIx and log WRI were positively correlated (r = 0.33; p = 0.04). In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) were closely correlated (r = 0.66; p<0.001). There was no correlation between the T(s) and the timing of Pb or the reflected wave identified by wave intensity analysis. Wave intensity analysis showed that the morphology of type C waveforms (negative AIx) was principally due to a forward travelling (re-reflected) decompression wave in mid-systole. AIx correlated positively with age, inversely with height and was higher in women. In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) showed negative associations with age, were unrelated to height and did not differ significantly by gender.<h4>Conclusions</h4>AIx has serious limitations as a measure of wave reflection. Negative AIx values derived from Type C waves should not be used as estimates of wave reflection magnitude.Alun D HughesChloe ParkJustin DaviesDarrel FrancisSimon A McG ThomJamil MayetKim H ParkerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 3, p e59371 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Alun D Hughes Chloe Park Justin Davies Darrel Francis Simon A McG Thom Jamil Mayet Kim H Parker Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
description	<h4>Objectives</h4>Augmentation index (AIx) is widely used as a measure of wave reflection. We compared the relationship between AIx and age, height and sex with 'gold standard' measures of wave reflection derived from measurements of pressure and flow to establish how well AIx measures wave reflection.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>Measurements of carotid pressure and flow velocity were made in the carotid artery of 65 healthy normotensive individuals (age 21-78 yr; 43 male) and pulse wave analysis, wave intensity analysis and wave separation was performed; waveforms were classified into type A, B or C. AIx, the time of the first shoulder (T(s)), wave reflection index (WRI) and the ratio of backward to forward pressure (P(b)/P(f)) were calculated.<h4>Results</h4>AIx did not correlate with log WRI or P(b)/P(f). When AIx was restricted to positive values AIx and log WRI were positively correlated (r = 0.33; p = 0.04). In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) were closely correlated (r = 0.66; p<0.001). There was no correlation between the T(s) and the timing of Pb or the reflected wave identified by wave intensity analysis. Wave intensity analysis showed that the morphology of type C waveforms (negative AIx) was principally due to a forward travelling (re-reflected) decompression wave in mid-systole. AIx correlated positively with age, inversely with height and was higher in women. In contrast log WRI and P(b)/P(f) showed negative associations with age, were unrelated to height and did not differ significantly by gender.<h4>Conclusions</h4>AIx has serious limitations as a measure of wave reflection. Negative AIx values derived from Type C waves should not be used as estimates of wave reflection magnitude.
format	article
author	Alun D Hughes Chloe Park Justin Davies Darrel Francis Simon A McG Thom Jamil Mayet Kim H Parker
author_facet	Alun D Hughes Chloe Park Justin Davies Darrel Francis Simon A McG Thom Jamil Mayet Kim H Parker
author_sort	Alun D Hughes
title	Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
title_short	Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
title_full	Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
title_fullStr	Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
title_full_unstemmed	Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
title_sort	limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/66a9bd40f2ab4e188139eca956291273
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Limitations of augmentation index in the assessment of wave reflection in normotensive healthy individuals.

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