Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice

Abstract Background Maternal metabolic disorders are linked to reduced metabolic health and oocyte quality. Obese women are advised to lose weight before conception to increase pregnancy chances. However, as human studies show no univocal guidelines, more research is necessary to provide fundamental...

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Autores principales:	Anouk Smits, Waleed F. A. Marei, Diane De Neubourg, Jo L. M. R. Leroy
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Obesity Preconception intervention Diet change Metabolic health Oocyte quality Fertility Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/66e1a3f8a8204d9aaa1d41b6f6216c8a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:66e1a3f8a8204d9aaa1d41b6f6216c8a2021-11-08T11:14:34ZDiet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice10.1186/s12958-021-00848-41477-7827https://doaj.org/article/66e1a3f8a8204d9aaa1d41b6f6216c8a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-021-00848-4https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7827Abstract Background Maternal metabolic disorders are linked to reduced metabolic health and oocyte quality. Obese women are advised to lose weight before conception to increase pregnancy chances. However, as human studies show no univocal guidelines, more research is necessary to provide fundamental insights in the consequences of dietary weight loss on oocyte quality. Therefore, we investigated the impact of diet normalization or calorie restricted diet for two, four or six weeks, as preconception care intervention (PCCI), in obese mice on metabolic health and oocyte quality. Methods Outbred female mice were fed a control (CTRL) or high-fat (HF) diet for 7 weeks (7w). Afterwards, HF-mice were put on different PCCIs, resulting in four treatment groups: 1) control diet up to 13w, 2) HF diet up to 13w (HF_HF), switch from a HF (7w) to 3) an ad libitum control diet (HF_CTRL) or 4) 30% calorie restricted control diet (HF_CR) for two, four or six weeks. Body weight, metabolic health, oocyte quality and overall fertility results were assessed. Results Negative effects of HF diet on metabolic health, oocyte quality and pregnancy rates were confirmed. HF_CTRL mice progressively improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, serum insulin and cholesterol from PCCI w2 to w4. No further improvements in metabolic health were present at PCCI w6. However, PCCI w6 showed best oocyte quality improvements. Mature oocytes still showed elevated lipid droplet volume and mitochondrial activity but a significant reduction in ROS levels and ROS: active mitochondria ratio compared with HF_HF mice. HF_CR mice restored overall insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance by PCCI w4. However, serum insulin, cholesterol and ALT remained abnormal. At PCCI w6, glucose tolerance was again reduced. However, only at PCCI w6, oocytes displayed reduced ROS levels and restored mitochondrial activity compared with HF_HF mice. In addition, at PCCI w6, both PCCI groups showed decreased mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities compared with the HF_HF group and restored pregnancy rates. Conclusions Diet normalization for 4 weeks showed to be the shortest, most promising intervention to improve metabolic health. Most promising improvements in oocyte quality were seen after 6 weeks of intervention in both PCCI groups. This research provides fundamental insights to be considered in developing substantiated preconception guidelines for obese women planning for pregnancy.Anouk SmitsWaleed F. A. MareiDiane De NeubourgJo L. M. R. LeroyBMCarticleObesityPreconception interventionDiet changeMetabolic healthOocyte qualityFertilityGynecology and obstetricsRG1-991ReproductionQH471-489ENReproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Obesity Preconception intervention Diet change Metabolic health Oocyte quality Fertility Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489
spellingShingle	Obesity Preconception intervention Diet change Metabolic health Oocyte quality Fertility Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489 Anouk Smits Waleed F. A. Marei Diane De Neubourg Jo L. M. R. Leroy Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
description	Abstract Background Maternal metabolic disorders are linked to reduced metabolic health and oocyte quality. Obese women are advised to lose weight before conception to increase pregnancy chances. However, as human studies show no univocal guidelines, more research is necessary to provide fundamental insights in the consequences of dietary weight loss on oocyte quality. Therefore, we investigated the impact of diet normalization or calorie restricted diet for two, four or six weeks, as preconception care intervention (PCCI), in obese mice on metabolic health and oocyte quality. Methods Outbred female mice were fed a control (CTRL) or high-fat (HF) diet for 7 weeks (7w). Afterwards, HF-mice were put on different PCCIs, resulting in four treatment groups: 1) control diet up to 13w, 2) HF diet up to 13w (HF_HF), switch from a HF (7w) to 3) an ad libitum control diet (HF_CTRL) or 4) 30% calorie restricted control diet (HF_CR) for two, four or six weeks. Body weight, metabolic health, oocyte quality and overall fertility results were assessed. Results Negative effects of HF diet on metabolic health, oocyte quality and pregnancy rates were confirmed. HF_CTRL mice progressively improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, serum insulin and cholesterol from PCCI w2 to w4. No further improvements in metabolic health were present at PCCI w6. However, PCCI w6 showed best oocyte quality improvements. Mature oocytes still showed elevated lipid droplet volume and mitochondrial activity but a significant reduction in ROS levels and ROS: active mitochondria ratio compared with HF_HF mice. HF_CR mice restored overall insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance by PCCI w4. However, serum insulin, cholesterol and ALT remained abnormal. At PCCI w6, glucose tolerance was again reduced. However, only at PCCI w6, oocytes displayed reduced ROS levels and restored mitochondrial activity compared with HF_HF mice. In addition, at PCCI w6, both PCCI groups showed decreased mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities compared with the HF_HF group and restored pregnancy rates. Conclusions Diet normalization for 4 weeks showed to be the shortest, most promising intervention to improve metabolic health. Most promising improvements in oocyte quality were seen after 6 weeks of intervention in both PCCI groups. This research provides fundamental insights to be considered in developing substantiated preconception guidelines for obese women planning for pregnancy.
format	article
author	Anouk Smits Waleed F. A. Marei Diane De Neubourg Jo L. M. R. Leroy
author_facet	Anouk Smits Waleed F. A. Marei Diane De Neubourg Jo L. M. R. Leroy
author_sort	Anouk Smits
title	Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
title_short	Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
title_full	Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
title_fullStr	Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
title_full_unstemmed	Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
title_sort	diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/66e1a3f8a8204d9aaa1d41b6f6216c8a
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Diet normalization or caloric restriction as a preconception care strategy to improve metabolic health and oocyte quality in obese outbred mice

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