Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.

Microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses challenge the food industry; however, environmental studies of these microorganisms on raw grain, prior to food processing, are uncommon. Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria that is common in our everyday environment and occupy a wi...

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Autores principales:	Niradha Withana Gamage, Janice Bamforth, Tehreem Ashfaq, Kathryn Bernard, Tom Gräfenhan, Sean Walkowiak
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/66f36eeea362470ebfdf28043813dade
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:66f36eeea362470ebfdf28043813dade2021-12-02T20:04:21ZProfiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0259209https://doaj.org/article/66f36eeea362470ebfdf28043813dade2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259209https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses challenge the food industry; however, environmental studies of these microorganisms on raw grain, prior to food processing, are uncommon. Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria that is common in our everyday environment and occupy a wide array of niches. While some of these bacteria are beneficial to agriculture due to their entomopathogenic properties, others can cause foodborne illness; therefore, characterization of these bacteria is important from both agricultural and food safety standpoints. We performed a survey of wheat and flax grain samples in 2018 (n = 508) and 2017 (n = 636) and discovered that B. cereus was present in the majority of grain samples, as 56.3% and 85.2%, in two years respectively. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of 109 presumptive B. cereus isolates indicates that most of the isolates were closely related and formed two genetically distinct groups. Comparisons to the available genomes of reference strains suggested that the members of these two groups are not closely related to strains previously reported to cause foodborne illness. From the same data set, another, genetically more diverse group of B. cereus was inferred, which had varying levels of similarity to previously reported strains that caused disease. Genomic analysis and PCR amplification of genes linked to toxin production indicated that most of the isolates carry the genes nheA and hbID, while other toxin genes and gene clusters, such as ces, were infrequent. This report of B. cereus on grain from Canada is the first of its kind and demonstrates the value of surveillance of bacteria naturally associated with raw agricultural commodities such as cereal grain and oilseeds.Niradha Withana GamageJanice BamforthTehreem AshfaqKathryn BernardTom GräfenhanSean WalkowiakPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e0259209 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Niradha Withana Gamage Janice Bamforth Tehreem Ashfaq Kathryn Bernard Tom Gräfenhan Sean Walkowiak Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
description	Microorganisms that cause foodborne illnesses challenge the food industry; however, environmental studies of these microorganisms on raw grain, prior to food processing, are uncommon. Bacillus cereus sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria that is common in our everyday environment and occupy a wide array of niches. While some of these bacteria are beneficial to agriculture due to their entomopathogenic properties, others can cause foodborne illness; therefore, characterization of these bacteria is important from both agricultural and food safety standpoints. We performed a survey of wheat and flax grain samples in 2018 (n = 508) and 2017 (n = 636) and discovered that B. cereus was present in the majority of grain samples, as 56.3% and 85.2%, in two years respectively. Whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics of 109 presumptive B. cereus isolates indicates that most of the isolates were closely related and formed two genetically distinct groups. Comparisons to the available genomes of reference strains suggested that the members of these two groups are not closely related to strains previously reported to cause foodborne illness. From the same data set, another, genetically more diverse group of B. cereus was inferred, which had varying levels of similarity to previously reported strains that caused disease. Genomic analysis and PCR amplification of genes linked to toxin production indicated that most of the isolates carry the genes nheA and hbID, while other toxin genes and gene clusters, such as ces, were infrequent. This report of B. cereus on grain from Canada is the first of its kind and demonstrates the value of surveillance of bacteria naturally associated with raw agricultural commodities such as cereal grain and oilseeds.
format	article
author	Niradha Withana Gamage Janice Bamforth Tehreem Ashfaq Kathryn Bernard Tom Gräfenhan Sean Walkowiak
author_facet	Niradha Withana Gamage Janice Bamforth Tehreem Ashfaq Kathryn Bernard Tom Gräfenhan Sean Walkowiak
author_sort	Niradha Withana Gamage
title	Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
title_short	Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
title_full	Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
title_fullStr	Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
title_full_unstemmed	Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.
title_sort	profiling of bacillus cereus on canadian grain.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/66f36eeea362470ebfdf28043813dade
work_keys_str_mv	AT niradhawithanagamage profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain AT janicebamforth profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain AT tehreemashfaq profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain AT kathrynbernard profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain AT tomgrafenhan profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain AT seanwalkowiak profilingofbacilluscereusoncanadiangrain
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Profiling of Bacillus cereus on Canadian grain.

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