Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.

The gene family of human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encodes proteins with diverse and pleiotropic functions in normal physiology as well as in disease states. Currently, the most widely known KLK is KLK3 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that has applications in clinical diagnosis and mon...

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Autores principales:	Athanasia Pavlopoulou, Georgios Pampalakis, Ioannis Michalopoulos, Georgia Sotiropoulou
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/670a57598fdb4c319fe7515eb52f16b6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:670a57598fdb4c319fe7515eb52f16b62021-11-18T07:02:36ZEvolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0013781https://doaj.org/article/670a57598fdb4c319fe7515eb52f16b62010-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21072173/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The gene family of human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encodes proteins with diverse and pleiotropic functions in normal physiology as well as in disease states. Currently, the most widely known KLK is KLK3 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that has applications in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. The KLK gene family encompasses the largest contiguous cluster of serine proteases in humans which is not interrupted by non-KLK genes. This exceptional and unique characteristic of KLKs makes them ideal for evolutionary studies aiming to infer the direction and timing of gene duplication events. Previous studies on the evolution of KLKs were restricted to mammals and the emergence of KLKs was suggested about 150 million years ago (mya). In order to elucidate the evolutionary history of KLKs, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of KLK homologous proteins in multiple genomes including those that have been completed recently. Interestingly, we were able to identify novel reptilian, avian and amphibian KLK members which allowed us to trace the emergence of KLKs 330 mya. We suggest that a series of duplication and mutation events gave rise to the KLK gene family. The prominent feature of the KLK family is that it consists of tandemly and uninterruptedly arrayed genes in all species under investigation. The chromosomal co-localization in a single cluster distinguishes KLKs from trypsin and other trypsin-like proteases which are spread in different genetic loci. All the defining features of the KLKs were further found to be conserved in the novel KLK protein sequences. The study of this unique family will further assist in selecting new model organisms for functional studies of proteolytic pathways involving KLKs.Athanasia PavlopoulouGeorgios PampalakisIoannis MichalopoulosGeorgia SotiropoulouPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 11, p e13781 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Athanasia Pavlopoulou Georgios Pampalakis Ioannis Michalopoulos Georgia Sotiropoulou Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
description	The gene family of human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) encodes proteins with diverse and pleiotropic functions in normal physiology as well as in disease states. Currently, the most widely known KLK is KLK3 or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) that has applications in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. The KLK gene family encompasses the largest contiguous cluster of serine proteases in humans which is not interrupted by non-KLK genes. This exceptional and unique characteristic of KLKs makes them ideal for evolutionary studies aiming to infer the direction and timing of gene duplication events. Previous studies on the evolution of KLKs were restricted to mammals and the emergence of KLKs was suggested about 150 million years ago (mya). In order to elucidate the evolutionary history of KLKs, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of KLK homologous proteins in multiple genomes including those that have been completed recently. Interestingly, we were able to identify novel reptilian, avian and amphibian KLK members which allowed us to trace the emergence of KLKs 330 mya. We suggest that a series of duplication and mutation events gave rise to the KLK gene family. The prominent feature of the KLK family is that it consists of tandemly and uninterruptedly arrayed genes in all species under investigation. The chromosomal co-localization in a single cluster distinguishes KLKs from trypsin and other trypsin-like proteases which are spread in different genetic loci. All the defining features of the KLKs were further found to be conserved in the novel KLK protein sequences. The study of this unique family will further assist in selecting new model organisms for functional studies of proteolytic pathways involving KLKs.
format	article
author	Athanasia Pavlopoulou Georgios Pampalakis Ioannis Michalopoulos Georgia Sotiropoulou
author_facet	Athanasia Pavlopoulou Georgios Pampalakis Ioannis Michalopoulos Georgia Sotiropoulou
author_sort	Athanasia Pavlopoulou
title	Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
title_short	Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
title_full	Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
title_fullStr	Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
title_full_unstemmed	Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
title_sort	evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/670a57598fdb4c319fe7515eb52f16b6
work_keys_str_mv	AT athanasiapavlopoulou evolutionaryhistoryoftissuekallikreins AT georgiospampalakis evolutionaryhistoryoftissuekallikreins AT ioannismichalopoulos evolutionaryhistoryoftissuekallikreins AT georgiasotiropoulou evolutionaryhistoryoftissuekallikreins
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Evolutionary history of tissue kallikreins.

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