Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture

<h4>Introduction</h4> Scabies is a neglected disease stablished worldwide with a fairy well determined incidence. In high-income countries, it often causes outbreaks affecting the residents and staff of institutions and long-term facilities, usually hard to detect and control due to the...

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Autores principales:	Lidia Redondo-Bravo, Beatriz Fernandez-Martinez, Diana Gómez-Barroso, Alin Gherasim, Montserrat García-Gómez, Agustín Benito, Zaida Herrador
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/671a7846ec8b47adbe2e5483db39edc8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:671a7846ec8b47adbe2e5483db39edc82021-11-11T06:44:24ZScabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture1932-6203https://doaj.org/article/671a7846ec8b47adbe2e5483db39edc82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8559925/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Introduction</h4> Scabies is a neglected disease stablished worldwide with a fairy well determined incidence. In high-income countries, it often causes outbreaks affecting the residents and staff of institutions and long-term facilities, usually hard to detect and control due to the difficult diagnosis and notification delay. This study aim at characterizing the affected population, geographical distribution, and evolution of scabies in Spain from 1997–2019 as well as to describe the main environments of transmission using different data sources. <h4>Methods</h4> We carried out a nationwide retrospective study using four databases, which record data from different perspectives: hospital admissions, patients attended at primary healthcare services, outbreaks, and occupational diseases. We described the main characteristics from each database and calculated annual incidences in order to evaluate temporal and geographical patterns. We also analyzed outbreaks and occupational settings to characterize the main transmission foci and applied Joinpoint regression models to detect trend changes. <h4>Results</h4> The elderly was the most frequent collective among the hospital admitted patients and notified cases in outbreaks, while children and young adults were the most affected according to primary care databases. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in homes and nursing homes; however, the facilities with more cases per outbreak were military barracks, healthcare settings and nursing homes. Most occupational cases occurred also in healthcare and social services settings, being healthcare workers the most common affected professional group. We detected a decreasing trend in scabies admissions from 1997 to 2014 (annual percentage change -APC- = -11.2%) and an increasing trend from 2014 to 2017 (APC = 23.6%). Wide geographical differences were observed depending on the database explored. <h4>Discussion</h4> An increasing trend in scabies admissions was observed in Spain since 2014, probably due to cutbacks in social services and healthcare in addition to worsen of living conditions as a result of the 2008 economic crisis, among other reasons. The main transmission foci were healthcare and social settings. Measures including enhancing epidemic studies and national registries, reinforcing clinical diagnosis and early detection of cases, hygiene improvements and training of the staff and wide implementation of scabies treatment (considering mass drug administration in institutions outbreaks) should be considered to reduce the impact of scabies among most vulnerable groups in Spain.Lidia Redondo-BravoBeatriz Fernandez-MartinezDiana Gómez-BarrosoAlin GherasimMontserrat García-GómezAgustín BenitoZaida HerradorPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lidia Redondo-Bravo Beatriz Fernandez-Martinez Diana Gómez-Barroso Alin Gherasim Montserrat García-Gómez Agustín Benito Zaida Herrador Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
description	<h4>Introduction</h4> Scabies is a neglected disease stablished worldwide with a fairy well determined incidence. In high-income countries, it often causes outbreaks affecting the residents and staff of institutions and long-term facilities, usually hard to detect and control due to the difficult diagnosis and notification delay. This study aim at characterizing the affected population, geographical distribution, and evolution of scabies in Spain from 1997–2019 as well as to describe the main environments of transmission using different data sources. <h4>Methods</h4> We carried out a nationwide retrospective study using four databases, which record data from different perspectives: hospital admissions, patients attended at primary healthcare services, outbreaks, and occupational diseases. We described the main characteristics from each database and calculated annual incidences in order to evaluate temporal and geographical patterns. We also analyzed outbreaks and occupational settings to characterize the main transmission foci and applied Joinpoint regression models to detect trend changes. <h4>Results</h4> The elderly was the most frequent collective among the hospital admitted patients and notified cases in outbreaks, while children and young adults were the most affected according to primary care databases. The majority of the outbreaks occurred in homes and nursing homes; however, the facilities with more cases per outbreak were military barracks, healthcare settings and nursing homes. Most occupational cases occurred also in healthcare and social services settings, being healthcare workers the most common affected professional group. We detected a decreasing trend in scabies admissions from 1997 to 2014 (annual percentage change -APC- = -11.2%) and an increasing trend from 2014 to 2017 (APC = 23.6%). Wide geographical differences were observed depending on the database explored. <h4>Discussion</h4> An increasing trend in scabies admissions was observed in Spain since 2014, probably due to cutbacks in social services and healthcare in addition to worsen of living conditions as a result of the 2008 economic crisis, among other reasons. The main transmission foci were healthcare and social settings. Measures including enhancing epidemic studies and national registries, reinforcing clinical diagnosis and early detection of cases, hygiene improvements and training of the staff and wide implementation of scabies treatment (considering mass drug administration in institutions outbreaks) should be considered to reduce the impact of scabies among most vulnerable groups in Spain.
format	article
author	Lidia Redondo-Bravo Beatriz Fernandez-Martinez Diana Gómez-Barroso Alin Gherasim Montserrat García-Gómez Agustín Benito Zaida Herrador
author_facet	Lidia Redondo-Bravo Beatriz Fernandez-Martinez Diana Gómez-Barroso Alin Gherasim Montserrat García-Gómez Agustín Benito Zaida Herrador
author_sort	Lidia Redondo-Bravo
title	Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
title_short	Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
title_full	Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
title_fullStr	Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
title_full_unstemmed	Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture
title_sort	scabies in spain? a comprehensive epidemiological picture
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/671a7846ec8b47adbe2e5483db39edc8
work_keys_str_mv	AT lidiaredondobravo scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT beatrizfernandezmartinez scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT dianagomezbarroso scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT alingherasim scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT montserratgarciagomez scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT agustinbenito scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture AT zaidaherrador scabiesinspainacomprehensiveepidemiologicalpicture
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Scabies in Spain? A comprehensive epidemiological picture

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