Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak onboard the cruise ship <i>Diamond Princess</i>, both the flag State and the port State should act according to international obligations during the sailing stage, quarantine period after ships’ berthing, and the time when the quarantine peri...

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Autor principal:	Chenhong Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cruise ships public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) international obligations rule of law COVID-19 Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67710cefff4140dbbbff3fa13c6f11e4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67710cefff4140dbbbff3fa13c6f11e42021-11-11T19:21:57ZPublic Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships10.3390/su1321116042071-1050https://doaj.org/article/67710cefff4140dbbbff3fa13c6f11e42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11604https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak onboard the cruise ship <i>Diamond Princess</i>, both the flag State and the port State should act according to international obligations during the sailing stage, quarantine period after ships’ berthing, and the time when the quarantine period expires. However, the potential danger of the absence of a “genuine link” between the cruise shipowners and the flag State, the lack of coordination of jurisdiction in different sea areas and between different States, and also the lack of special or systematic regulations for infection prevention and control (IPC) at sea and for cruise ships increase the risk of a State’s breach of international obligations. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the responsive measures in international law. This paper, after review and analysis, sheds light on various recommendations on how to improve the responsive measures in international law, including (i) strengthening of the jurisdiction of the flag State, (ii) establishment of a special international cooperation mechanism with an alliance between the WHO and the IMO, and (iii) construction of an IPC mechanism for home ports of cruise ships.Chenhong LiuMDPI AGarticlecruise shipspublic health emergency of international concern (PHEIC)international obligationsrule of lawCOVID-19Environmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11604, p 11604 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cruise ships public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) international obligations rule of law COVID-19 Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	cruise ships public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) international obligations rule of law COVID-19 Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Chenhong Liu Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
description	Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 outbreak onboard the cruise ship <i>Diamond Princess</i>, both the flag State and the port State should act according to international obligations during the sailing stage, quarantine period after ships’ berthing, and the time when the quarantine period expires. However, the potential danger of the absence of a “genuine link” between the cruise shipowners and the flag State, the lack of coordination of jurisdiction in different sea areas and between different States, and also the lack of special or systematic regulations for infection prevention and control (IPC) at sea and for cruise ships increase the risk of a State’s breach of international obligations. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the responsive measures in international law. This paper, after review and analysis, sheds light on various recommendations on how to improve the responsive measures in international law, including (i) strengthening of the jurisdiction of the flag State, (ii) establishment of a special international cooperation mechanism with an alliance between the WHO and the IMO, and (iii) construction of an IPC mechanism for home ports of cruise ships.
format	article
author	Chenhong Liu
author_facet	Chenhong Liu
author_sort	Chenhong Liu
title	Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
title_short	Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
title_full	Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
title_fullStr	Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
title_full_unstemmed	Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships
title_sort	public health and international obligations of states: the case of covid-19 on cruise ships
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67710cefff4140dbbbff3fa13c6f11e4
work_keys_str_mv	AT chenhongliu publichealthandinternationalobligationsofstatesthecaseofcovid19oncruiseships
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Public Health and International Obligations of States: The Case of COVID-19 on Cruise Ships

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