Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain

Abstract Before their disappearance from the fossil record approximately 40,000 years ago, Neanderthals, the ancient hominin lineage most closely related to modern humans, interbred with ancestors of present-day humans. The legacy of this gene flow persists through Neanderthal-derived variants that...

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Autores principales:	Michael D. Gregory, J. Shane Kippenhan, Daniel P. Eisenberg, Philip D. Kohn, Dwight Dickinson, Venkata S. Mattay, Qiang Chen, Daniel R. Weinberger, Ziad S. Saad, Karen F. Berman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/677378c779014c6abed734c7549e4588
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:677378c779014c6abed734c7549e45882021-12-02T16:06:50ZNeanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain10.1038/s41598-017-06587-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/677378c779014c6abed734c7549e45882017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06587-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Before their disappearance from the fossil record approximately 40,000 years ago, Neanderthals, the ancient hominin lineage most closely related to modern humans, interbred with ancestors of present-day humans. The legacy of this gene flow persists through Neanderthal-derived variants that survive in modern human DNA; however, the neural implications of this inheritance are uncertain. Here, using MRI in a large cohort of healthy individuals of European-descent, we show that the amount of Neanderthal-originating polymorphism carried in living humans is related to cranial and brain morphology. First, as a validation of our approach, we demonstrate that a greater load of Neanderthal-derived genetic variants (higher “NeanderScore”) is associated with skull shapes resembling those of known Neanderthal cranial remains, particularly in occipital and parietal bones. Next, we demonstrate convergent NeanderScore-related findings in the brain (measured by gray- and white-matter volume, sulcal depth, and gyrification index) that localize to the visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus. This work provides insights into ancestral human neurobiology and suggests that Neanderthal-derived genetic variation is neurologically functional in the contemporary population.Michael D. GregoryJ. Shane KippenhanDaniel P. EisenbergPhilip D. KohnDwight DickinsonVenkata S. MattayQiang ChenDaniel R. WeinbergerZiad S. SaadKaren F. BermanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael D. Gregory J. Shane Kippenhan Daniel P. Eisenberg Philip D. Kohn Dwight Dickinson Venkata S. Mattay Qiang Chen Daniel R. Weinberger Ziad S. Saad Karen F. Berman Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
description	Abstract Before their disappearance from the fossil record approximately 40,000 years ago, Neanderthals, the ancient hominin lineage most closely related to modern humans, interbred with ancestors of present-day humans. The legacy of this gene flow persists through Neanderthal-derived variants that survive in modern human DNA; however, the neural implications of this inheritance are uncertain. Here, using MRI in a large cohort of healthy individuals of European-descent, we show that the amount of Neanderthal-originating polymorphism carried in living humans is related to cranial and brain morphology. First, as a validation of our approach, we demonstrate that a greater load of Neanderthal-derived genetic variants (higher “NeanderScore”) is associated with skull shapes resembling those of known Neanderthal cranial remains, particularly in occipital and parietal bones. Next, we demonstrate convergent NeanderScore-related findings in the brain (measured by gray- and white-matter volume, sulcal depth, and gyrification index) that localize to the visual cortex and intraparietal sulcus. This work provides insights into ancestral human neurobiology and suggests that Neanderthal-derived genetic variation is neurologically functional in the contemporary population.
format	article
author	Michael D. Gregory J. Shane Kippenhan Daniel P. Eisenberg Philip D. Kohn Dwight Dickinson Venkata S. Mattay Qiang Chen Daniel R. Weinberger Ziad S. Saad Karen F. Berman
author_facet	Michael D. Gregory J. Shane Kippenhan Daniel P. Eisenberg Philip D. Kohn Dwight Dickinson Venkata S. Mattay Qiang Chen Daniel R. Weinberger Ziad S. Saad Karen F. Berman
author_sort	Michael D. Gregory
title	Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
title_short	Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
title_full	Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
title_fullStr	Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
title_full_unstemmed	Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain
title_sort	neanderthal-derived genetic variation shapes modern human cranium and brain
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/677378c779014c6abed734c7549e4588
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Neanderthal-Derived Genetic Variation Shapes Modern Human Cranium and Brain

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