Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensil...

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Autores principales:	Yang Li, Jingyi Lv, Jihong Wang, Shuang Zhou, Guangning Zhang, Bingdong Wei, Yukun Sun, Yaxue Lan, Xiujing Dou, Yonggen Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	fermented total mixed ration carbohydrate component methane yield ruminal fermentation rumen microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf2021-11-05T14:38:38ZChanges in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome1664-302X10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334https://doaj.org/article/67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensiled with lactic acid bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes. The results showed that different TMRs had different carbohydrate compositions and subfractions, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community diversity. After fermentation, the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) group had lower contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and carbohydrates. In addition, lactic acid content and relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the FTMR group were higher. Compared with the TMR group, the in vitro ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate were increased in the FTMR group. However, the ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate, and methane production were significantly decreased in the FTMR group. Notably, we found that the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria was higher in FTMR than in TMR samples, including Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira. At the same time, we found that the diversity of methanogens in the FTMR group was lower than that in the TMR group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter significantly decreased, while the relative abundances of Methanoplanus and vadinCA11 increased. The relative abundances of Entodinium and Pichia significantly decreased in the FTMR group compared with the TMR group. These results suggest that FTMR can be used as an environmentally cleaner technology in animal farming due to its ability to improve ruminal fermentation, modulate the rumen microbiome, and reduce methane emissions.Yang LiJingyi LvJihong WangShuang ZhouGuangning ZhangBingdong WeiYukun SunYaxue LanXiujing DouYonggen ZhangFrontiers Media S.A.articlefermented total mixed rationcarbohydrate componentmethane yieldruminal fermentationrumen microbiomeMicrobiologyQR1-502ENFrontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	fermented total mixed ration carbohydrate component methane yield ruminal fermentation rumen microbiome Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	fermented total mixed ration carbohydrate component methane yield ruminal fermentation rumen microbiome Microbiology QR1-502 Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
description	The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensiled with lactic acid bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes. The results showed that different TMRs had different carbohydrate compositions and subfractions, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community diversity. After fermentation, the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) group had lower contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and carbohydrates. In addition, lactic acid content and relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the FTMR group were higher. Compared with the TMR group, the in vitro ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate were increased in the FTMR group. However, the ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate, and methane production were significantly decreased in the FTMR group. Notably, we found that the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria was higher in FTMR than in TMR samples, including Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira. At the same time, we found that the diversity of methanogens in the FTMR group was lower than that in the TMR group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter significantly decreased, while the relative abundances of Methanoplanus and vadinCA11 increased. The relative abundances of Entodinium and Pichia significantly decreased in the FTMR group compared with the TMR group. These results suggest that FTMR can be used as an environmentally cleaner technology in animal farming due to its ability to improve ruminal fermentation, modulate the rumen microbiome, and reduce methane emissions.
format	article
author	Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang
author_facet	Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang
author_sort	Yang Li
title	Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
title_short	Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
title_full	Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
title_fullStr	Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
title_sort	changes in carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed ration and its effects on in vitro methane production and microbiome
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf
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Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome

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