Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.

Although host-parasitoid interactions are becoming well characterized at the organismal and cellular levels, much remains to be understood of the molecular bases for the host immune response and the parasitoids' ability to defeat this immune response. Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma, two...

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Autores principales:	Todd A Schlenke, Jorge Morales, Shubha Govind, Andrew G Clark
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2007
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/679149fa42084df0bcfc9b2ef92a3591
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:679149fa42084df0bcfc9b2ef92a35912021-11-25T05:46:21ZContrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.0030158https://doaj.org/article/679149fa42084df0bcfc9b2ef92a35912007-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030158https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374Although host-parasitoid interactions are becoming well characterized at the organismal and cellular levels, much remains to be understood of the molecular bases for the host immune response and the parasitoids' ability to defeat this immune response. Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma, two closely related, highly infectious natural parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster, appear to use very different infection strategies at the cellular level. Here, we further characterize cellular level differences in the infection characteristics of these two wasp species using newly derived, virulent inbred strains, and then use whole genome microarrays to compare the transcriptional response of Drosophila to each. While flies attacked by the melanogaster group specialist L. boulardi (strain Lb17) up-regulate numerous genes encoding proteolytic enzymes, components of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways, and the melanization cascade as part of a combined cellular and humoral innate immune response, flies attacked by the generalist L. heterotoma (strain Lh14) do not appear to initiate an immune transcriptional response at the time points post-infection we assayed, perhaps due to the rapid venom-mediated lysis of host hemocytes (blood cells). Thus, the specialist parasitoid appears to invoke a full-blown immune response in the host, but suppresses and/or evades downstream components of this response. Given that activation of the host immune response likely depletes the energetic resources of the host, the specialist's infection strategy seems relatively disadvantageous. However, we uncover the mechanism for one potentially important fitness tradeoff of the generalist's highly immune suppressive infection strategy.Todd A SchlenkeJorge MoralesShubha GovindAndrew G ClarkPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 3, Iss 10, Pp 1486-1501 (2007)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Todd A Schlenke Jorge Morales Shubha Govind Andrew G Clark Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
description	Although host-parasitoid interactions are becoming well characterized at the organismal and cellular levels, much remains to be understood of the molecular bases for the host immune response and the parasitoids' ability to defeat this immune response. Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma, two closely related, highly infectious natural parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster, appear to use very different infection strategies at the cellular level. Here, we further characterize cellular level differences in the infection characteristics of these two wasp species using newly derived, virulent inbred strains, and then use whole genome microarrays to compare the transcriptional response of Drosophila to each. While flies attacked by the melanogaster group specialist L. boulardi (strain Lb17) up-regulate numerous genes encoding proteolytic enzymes, components of the Toll and JAK/STAT pathways, and the melanization cascade as part of a combined cellular and humoral innate immune response, flies attacked by the generalist L. heterotoma (strain Lh14) do not appear to initiate an immune transcriptional response at the time points post-infection we assayed, perhaps due to the rapid venom-mediated lysis of host hemocytes (blood cells). Thus, the specialist parasitoid appears to invoke a full-blown immune response in the host, but suppresses and/or evades downstream components of this response. Given that activation of the host immune response likely depletes the energetic resources of the host, the specialist's infection strategy seems relatively disadvantageous. However, we uncover the mechanism for one potentially important fitness tradeoff of the generalist's highly immune suppressive infection strategy.
format	article
author	Todd A Schlenke Jorge Morales Shubha Govind Andrew G Clark
author_facet	Todd A Schlenke Jorge Morales Shubha Govind Andrew G Clark
author_sort	Todd A Schlenke
title	Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
title_short	Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
title_full	Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
title_fullStr	Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
title_full_unstemmed	Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.
title_sort	contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of drosophila melanogaster.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2007
url	https://doaj.org/article/679149fa42084df0bcfc9b2ef92a3591
work_keys_str_mv	AT toddaschlenke contrastinginfectionstrategiesingeneralistandspecialistwaspparasitoidsofdrosophilamelanogaster AT jorgemorales contrastinginfectionstrategiesingeneralistandspecialistwaspparasitoidsofdrosophilamelanogaster AT shubhagovind contrastinginfectionstrategiesingeneralistandspecialistwaspparasitoidsofdrosophilamelanogaster AT andrewgclark contrastinginfectionstrategiesingeneralistandspecialistwaspparasitoidsofdrosophilamelanogaster
_version_	1718414459806941184

Contrasting infection strategies in generalist and specialist wasp parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster.

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