Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with multifaceted pathophysiological lesions including metabolic pathways in red blood cells (RBC). The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of adenine nucleotide metabolites, i.e., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-oxidized form, nicot...

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Autores principales:	Joanna Piechowicz, Andrzej Gamian, Danuta Zwolińska, Dorota Polak-Jonkisz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	adenine nucleotide metabolites chronic renal failure children Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/679930869e894bcca669766c4a58965f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:679930869e894bcca669766c4a58965f2021-11-11T17:48:46ZAdenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children10.3390/jcm102152082077-0383https://doaj.org/article/679930869e894bcca669766c4a58965f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/5208https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with multifaceted pathophysiological lesions including metabolic pathways in red blood cells (RBC). The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of adenine nucleotide metabolites, i.e., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-oxidized form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH)-reduced form, nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) in RBC and to determine a relationship between NAD metabolites and CKD progression. Forty-eight CKD children and 33 age-matched controls were examined. Patients were divided into groups depending on the CKD stages (Group II-stage II, Group III- stage III, Group IV- stage IV and Group RRT children on dialysis). To determine the above-mentioned metabolites concentrations in RBC liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. Results: the only difference between the groups was shown concerning NAD in RBC, although the values did not differ significantly from controls. The lowest NAD values were found in Group II (188.6 ± 124.49 nmol/mL, the highest in group IV (324.94 ± 63.06 nmol/mL. Between Groups II and IV, as well as III and IV, the differences were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.032, <i>p</i> < 0.046 respectively). Conclusions. CKD children do not have evident abnormalities of RBC metabolism with respect to adenine nucleotide metabolites. The significant differences in erythrocyte NAD concentrations between CKD stages may suggest the activation of adaptive defense mechanisms aimed at erythrocyte metabolic stabilization. It seems that the implementation of RRT has a positive impact on RBC NAD metabolism, but further research performed on a larger population is needed to confirm it.Joanna PiechowiczAndrzej GamianDanuta ZwolińskaDorota Polak-JonkiszMDPI AGarticleadenine nucleotide metaboliteschronic renal failurechildrenMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5208, p 5208 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	adenine nucleotide metabolites chronic renal failure children Medicine R
spellingShingle	adenine nucleotide metabolites chronic renal failure children Medicine R Joanna Piechowicz Andrzej Gamian Danuta Zwolińska Dorota Polak-Jonkisz Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
description	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with multifaceted pathophysiological lesions including metabolic pathways in red blood cells (RBC). The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of adenine nucleotide metabolites, i.e., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-oxidized form, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH)-reduced form, nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN), β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM) in RBC and to determine a relationship between NAD metabolites and CKD progression. Forty-eight CKD children and 33 age-matched controls were examined. Patients were divided into groups depending on the CKD stages (Group II-stage II, Group III- stage III, Group IV- stage IV and Group RRT children on dialysis). To determine the above-mentioned metabolites concentrations in RBC liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. Results: the only difference between the groups was shown concerning NAD in RBC, although the values did not differ significantly from controls. The lowest NAD values were found in Group II (188.6 ± 124.49 nmol/mL, the highest in group IV (324.94 ± 63.06 nmol/mL. Between Groups II and IV, as well as III and IV, the differences were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.032, <i>p</i> < 0.046 respectively). Conclusions. CKD children do not have evident abnormalities of RBC metabolism with respect to adenine nucleotide metabolites. The significant differences in erythrocyte NAD concentrations between CKD stages may suggest the activation of adaptive defense mechanisms aimed at erythrocyte metabolic stabilization. It seems that the implementation of RRT has a positive impact on RBC NAD metabolism, but further research performed on a larger population is needed to confirm it.
format	article
author	Joanna Piechowicz Andrzej Gamian Danuta Zwolińska Dorota Polak-Jonkisz
author_facet	Joanna Piechowicz Andrzej Gamian Danuta Zwolińska Dorota Polak-Jonkisz
author_sort	Joanna Piechowicz
title	Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
title_short	Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
title_full	Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
title_fullStr	Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
title_full_unstemmed	Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children
title_sort	adenine nucleotide metabolites in uremic erythrocytes as metabolic markers of chronic kidney disease in children
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/679930869e894bcca669766c4a58965f
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Adenine Nucleotide Metabolites in Uremic Erythrocytes as Metabolic Markers of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children

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