Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia

Eric R Braverman1,5, Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen2, Thomas JH Chen3, John D Schoolfield4, Alison Notaro5, Dasha Braverman5, Mallory Kerner5, Seth H Blum6 , Vanessa Arcuri5, Michael Varshavskiy5, Uma Damle5 , B William Downs7, Roger L Waite7, Marlene Oscar-Berman8, John Giordano9 , Kenneth Blum5,6,7,101Divi...

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Autores principales:	Eric R Braverman, Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen, Thomas JH Chen, et al
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2010
Materias:	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67aefcc8df5f4a0c9949ef1c2519430e
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:67aefcc8df5f4a0c9949ef1c2519430e
record_format	dspace
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429
spellingShingle	Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry RC321-571 Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system RC346-429 Eric R Braverman Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen Thomas JH Chen et al Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
description	Eric R Braverman1,5, Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen2, Thomas JH Chen3, John D Schoolfield4, Alison Notaro5, Dasha Braverman5, Mallory Kerner5, Seth H Blum6 , Vanessa Arcuri5, Michael Varshavskiy5, Uma Damle5 , B William Downs7, Roger L Waite7, Marlene Oscar-Berman8, John Giordano9 , Kenneth Blum5,6,7,101Division of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Engineering and Management of Advanced Technology, 3Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan Republic of China; 4Department of Periodontics, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; 5PATH Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA; 6Department of Nutritional Genomics, Synaptamine, Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA; 7Department of Personalized Medicine, LifeGen, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA; 8Boston University School of Medicine, Boston VA, Boston, MA, USA; 9Department of Holistic Medicine, G &amp; G Holistic Addiction Treatment Center, North Miami Beach, FL, USA; 10Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USAAbstract: The goal of this study was to determine if impairments detected by the test of variables of attention (TOVA) may be used to predict early attention complaints and memory impairments accurately in a clinical setting. We performed a statistical analysis of outcomes in a patient population screened for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention complaints, processing errors as measured by TOVA and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) results. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) checklists, constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition criteria, which were completed by patients at PATH Medical, revealed that 72.8% of the patients had more than one attention complaint out of a total of 16 complaints, and 41.5% had more than five complaints. For the 128 males with a significant number of ADD complaints, individuals whose scores were significantly deviant or borderline (SDB) on TOVA, had a significantly greater number of attention complaints compared with normals for omissions (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.02), response time (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.015), and variability (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.005), but not commissions (P&nbsp;&gt; 0.50). For males, the mean scores for auditory, visual, immediate, and working memory scores as measured by the WMS-III were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs on the TOVA subtest, ie, omission (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.01) and response time (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05), but not variability or commissions. The means for auditory, visual, and immediate memory scores were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs for variability (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.045) only. In females, the mean scores for visual and working memory scores were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs for omissions (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.025). The number of SDB TOVA quarters was a significant predictor for &ldquo;impaired&rdquo; or &ldquo;normal&rdquo; group membership for visual memory (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.015), but not for the other three WMS-III components. For males, the partial correlation between the number of attention complaints and the number of SDB TOVA quarters was also significant (r = 0.251, P&nbsp;&lt; 0.005). For the 152 females with a significant number of attention complaints, no significant differences between SDBs and normals were observed (P&nbsp;&gt; 0.15). This is the first report, to our knowledge, which provides evidence that TOVA is an accurate predictor of early attention complaints and memory impairments in a clinical setting. This finding is more robust for males than for females between the ages of 40 and 90 years.Keywords: attention complaints, dementia, TOVA, Wechsler Memory Scale
format	article
author	Eric R Braverman Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen Thomas JH Chen et al
author_facet	Eric R Braverman Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen Thomas JH Chen et al
author_sort	Eric R Braverman
title	Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
title_short	Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
title_full	Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
title_fullStr	Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
title_full_unstemmed	Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
title_sort	test of variables of attention (tova) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/67aefcc8df5f4a0c9949ef1c2519430e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67aefcc8df5f4a0c9949ef1c2519430e2021-12-02T00:18:17ZTest of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia1176-63281178-2021https://doaj.org/article/67aefcc8df5f4a0c9949ef1c2519430e2010-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/test-of-variables-of-attention-tova-as-a-predictor-of-early-attention--a5519https://doaj.org/toc/1176-6328https://doaj.org/toc/1178-2021Eric R Braverman1,5, Amanda Lih-Chuan Chen2, Thomas JH Chen3, John D Schoolfield4, Alison Notaro5, Dasha Braverman5, Mallory Kerner5, Seth H Blum6 , Vanessa Arcuri5, Michael Varshavskiy5, Uma Damle5 , B William Downs7, Roger L Waite7, Marlene Oscar-Berman8, John Giordano9 , Kenneth Blum5,6,7,101Division of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Engineering and Management of Advanced Technology, 3Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan Republic of China; 4Department of Periodontics, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA; 5PATH Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA; 6Department of Nutritional Genomics, Synaptamine, Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA; 7Department of Personalized Medicine, LifeGen, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA; 8Boston University School of Medicine, Boston VA, Boston, MA, USA; 9Department of Holistic Medicine, G &amp; G Holistic Addiction Treatment Center, North Miami Beach, FL, USA; 10Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USAAbstract: The goal of this study was to determine if impairments detected by the test of variables of attention (TOVA) may be used to predict early attention complaints and memory impairments accurately in a clinical setting. We performed a statistical analysis of outcomes in a patient population screened for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or attention complaints, processing errors as measured by TOVA and the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III) results. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) checklists, constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition criteria, which were completed by patients at PATH Medical, revealed that 72.8% of the patients had more than one attention complaint out of a total of 16 complaints, and 41.5% had more than five complaints. For the 128 males with a significant number of ADD complaints, individuals whose scores were significantly deviant or borderline (SDB) on TOVA, had a significantly greater number of attention complaints compared with normals for omissions (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.02), response time (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.015), and variability (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.005), but not commissions (P&nbsp;&gt; 0.50). For males, the mean scores for auditory, visual, immediate, and working memory scores as measured by the WMS-III were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs on the TOVA subtest, ie, omission (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.01) and response time (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05), but not variability or commissions. The means for auditory, visual, and immediate memory scores were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs for variability (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.045) only. In females, the mean scores for visual and working memory scores were significantly greater for normals versus SDBs for omissions (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.025). The number of SDB TOVA quarters was a significant predictor for &ldquo;impaired&rdquo; or &ldquo;normal&rdquo; group membership for visual memory (P&nbsp;&lt; 0.015), but not for the other three WMS-III components. For males, the partial correlation between the number of attention complaints and the number of SDB TOVA quarters was also significant (r = 0.251, P&nbsp;&lt; 0.005). For the 152 females with a significant number of attention complaints, no significant differences between SDBs and normals were observed (P&nbsp;&gt; 0.15). This is the first report, to our knowledge, which provides evidence that TOVA is an accurate predictor of early attention complaints and memory impairments in a clinical setting. This finding is more robust for males than for females between the ages of 40 and 90 years.Keywords: attention complaints, dementia, TOVA, Wechsler Memory Scale Eric R BravermanAmanda Lih-Chuan ChenThomas JH Chenet alDove Medical PressarticleNeurosciences. Biological psychiatry. NeuropsychiatryRC321-571Neurology. Diseases of the nervous systemRC346-429ENNeuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Vol 2010, Iss Issue 1, Pp 681-690 (2010)

Test of variables of attention (TOVA) as a predictor of early attention complaints, an antecedent to dementia

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