Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.

A remarkable aspect of the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with mammalian hosts is a consistent increase in capsule volume. Given that many aspects of the interaction of C. neoformans with macrophages are also observed with amoebae, we hypothesized that the capsule enlargement phenomenon also...

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Autores principales:	Cara J Chrisman, Patricia Albuquerque, Allan J Guimaraes, Edward Nieves, Arturo Casadevall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67b13c5ed22744d998c44aaaeff04942
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67b13c5ed22744d998c44aaaeff049422021-11-18T06:03:21ZPhospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.1553-73661553-737410.1371/journal.ppat.1002047https://doaj.org/article/67b13c5ed22744d998c44aaaeff049422011-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21637814/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374A remarkable aspect of the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with mammalian hosts is a consistent increase in capsule volume. Given that many aspects of the interaction of C. neoformans with macrophages are also observed with amoebae, we hypothesized that the capsule enlargement phenomenon also had a protozoan parallel. Incubation of C. neoformans with Acanthamoeba castellanii resulted in C. neoformans capsular enlargement. The phenomenon required contact between fungal and protozoan cells but did not require amoeba viability. Analysis of amoebae extracts showed that the likely stimuli for capsule enlargement were protozoan polar lipids. Extracts from macrophages and mammalian serum also triggered cryptococcal capsular enlargement. C. neoformans capsule enlargement required expression of fungal phospholipase B, but not phospholipase C. Purified phospholipids, in particular, phosphatidylcholine, and derived molecules triggered capsular enlargement with the subsequent formation of giant cells. These results implicate phospholipids as a trigger for both C. neoformans capsule enlargement in vivo and exopolysaccharide production. The observation that the incubation of C. neoformans with phospholipids led to the formation of giant cells provides the means to generate these enigmatic cells in vitro. Protozoan- or mammalian-derived polar lipids could represent a danger signal for C. neoformans that triggers capsular enlargement as a non-specific defense mechanism against potential predatory cells. Hence, phospholipids are the first host-derived molecules identified to trigger capsular enlargement. The parallels apparent in the capsular response of C. neoformans to both amoebae and macrophages provide additional support for the notion that certain aspects of cryptococcal virulence emerged as a consequence of environmental interactions with other microorganisms such as protists.Cara J ChrismanPatricia AlbuquerqueAllan J GuimaraesEdward NievesArturo CasadevallPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607Biology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Pathogens, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e1002047 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Cara J Chrisman Patricia Albuquerque Allan J Guimaraes Edward Nieves Arturo Casadevall Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
description	A remarkable aspect of the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with mammalian hosts is a consistent increase in capsule volume. Given that many aspects of the interaction of C. neoformans with macrophages are also observed with amoebae, we hypothesized that the capsule enlargement phenomenon also had a protozoan parallel. Incubation of C. neoformans with Acanthamoeba castellanii resulted in C. neoformans capsular enlargement. The phenomenon required contact between fungal and protozoan cells but did not require amoeba viability. Analysis of amoebae extracts showed that the likely stimuli for capsule enlargement were protozoan polar lipids. Extracts from macrophages and mammalian serum also triggered cryptococcal capsular enlargement. C. neoformans capsule enlargement required expression of fungal phospholipase B, but not phospholipase C. Purified phospholipids, in particular, phosphatidylcholine, and derived molecules triggered capsular enlargement with the subsequent formation of giant cells. These results implicate phospholipids as a trigger for both C. neoformans capsule enlargement in vivo and exopolysaccharide production. The observation that the incubation of C. neoformans with phospholipids led to the formation of giant cells provides the means to generate these enigmatic cells in vitro. Protozoan- or mammalian-derived polar lipids could represent a danger signal for C. neoformans that triggers capsular enlargement as a non-specific defense mechanism against potential predatory cells. Hence, phospholipids are the first host-derived molecules identified to trigger capsular enlargement. The parallels apparent in the capsular response of C. neoformans to both amoebae and macrophages provide additional support for the notion that certain aspects of cryptococcal virulence emerged as a consequence of environmental interactions with other microorganisms such as protists.
format	article
author	Cara J Chrisman Patricia Albuquerque Allan J Guimaraes Edward Nieves Arturo Casadevall
author_facet	Cara J Chrisman Patricia Albuquerque Allan J Guimaraes Edward Nieves Arturo Casadevall
author_sort	Cara J Chrisman
title	Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
title_short	Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
title_full	Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
title_fullStr	Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
title_full_unstemmed	Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
title_sort	phospholipids trigger cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/67b13c5ed22744d998c44aaaeff04942
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Phospholipids trigger Cryptococcus neoformans capsular enlargement during interactions with amoebae and macrophages.

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